Table 1.

Hemodynamic and twist response to pharmacological interventions and myocardial ischemia

	LV systolic and diastolic function			Acute ischemia
	Baseline	Esmolol	Dobutamine	Preischemia	Ischemia
Invasive
Heart rate, bpm	75 ± 9	65 ± 81	92 ± 101	78 ± 7	87 ± 82
End-systolic pressure, mmHg	101 ± 11	89 ± 81	120 ± 121	102 ± 11	84 ± 112
End-diastolic pressure, mmHg	5 ± 2	7 ± 1	7 ± 2	6 ± 1	12 ± 32
Stroke volume, mL	17 ± 2	15 ± 21	22 ± 31	19 ± 3	14 ± 32
dP/dtmax, mmHg/sec	3407 ± 507	2247 ± 4401	5055 ± 7351	3508 ± 585	1740 ± 4102
dP/dtmax/EDV, mmHg/sec/mL	90 ± 10	64 ± 91	165 ± 111	97 ± 9	42 ± 72
Emax, mmHg/mL	6.3 ± 0.8	3.9 ± 0.61	10.8 ± 1.21	6.0 ± 1.0	2.4 ± 0.52
Ea, mmHg/mL	5.9 ± 1.1	5.9 ± 0.8	5.5 ± 0.71	5.4 ± 0.9	6.0 ± 1.0
Emax/Ea	1.06 ± 0.16	0.66 ± 0.111	1.96 ± 0.221	1.11 ± 0.14	0.40 ± 0.102
Tau, msec	30 ± 5	35 ± 61	23 ± 61	28 ± 7	39 ± 92
dP/dt min, mmHg/sec	−2651 ± 552	−2121 ± 4821	−3843 ± 4531	−2807 ± 501	−2061 ± 4212
b	0.23 ± 0.07	0.38 ± 0.111	0.16 ± 0.041	0.24 ± 0.08	0.41 ± 0.102
c	0.77 ± 0.21	0.57 ± 0.131	1.37 ± 0.351	0.80 ± 0.25	0.67 ± 0.26
β	0.047 ± 0.015	0.061 ± 0.0171	0.023 ± 0.0111	0.042 ± 0.012	0.059 ± 0.0162
2D speckle tracking echocardiography
Apical rotation, °	6.2 ± 1.1	4.1 ± 0.81	8.5 ± 1.71	5.3 ± 1.2	2.2 ± 0.62
Basal rotation, °	−3.3 ± 0.5	−2.8 ± 0.4	−3.7 ± 0.6	−3.2 ± 0.3	−2.9 ± 0.5
LV twist, °	9.5 ± 1.6	6.9 ± 1.11	12.2 ± 1.81	8.5 ± 1.3	5.1 ± 1.02
Apical diastolic rotation rate, °/sec	−41 ± 6	−27 ± 61	−63 ± 71	−36 ± 5	−24 ± 42
Basal diastolic rotation Rate, °/sec	36 ± 5	32 ± 41	42 ± 7	28 ± 4	30 ± 3

Values are mean ± SD. b, LV stiffness; c, curve-fitting constant; β, stiffness constant.

¹P < 0.05 versus mid.

²P < 0.05 ischemia versus pre-ischemia.