(A) The effect of treatment with CTR, scrambled shRNA, shGal-3, transfection with a galectin-3 overexpression vector (overGal-3), and/or Epi for 48 h on the mRNA expression level of galectin-3, GSK-3β, and β-catenin as determined by real-time PCR. *, P < 0.05 compared with CTR; +, P < 0.05 compared with shGal-3; &, P < 0.05 compared with Epi; #, P<0.05 compared with overGal-3. (B) The effect of treatment with CTR, scrambled shRNA, shGal-3, overGal-3, and/or Epi for 48 h on the mRNA expression level of cyclin D1 and c-myc as determined by real-time PCR. *, P < 0.05 compared with CTR; +, P < 0.05 compared with shGal-3; &, P < 0.05 compared with Epi; and #, P<0.05 compared with overGal-3. (C) The effect of treatment with CTR, scrambled shRNA, shGal-3, overGal-3, and/or Epi for 48 h on the mRNA expression levels of the MDR pump-related genes encoding MDR1, MRP1, and MRP2 as determined by real-time PCR. *, P < 0.05 compared with CTR; +, P < 0.05 compared with shGal-3; &, P < 0.05 compared with Epi; #, P<0.05 compared with overGal-3.