Figure 1. Glycolytic metabolites. Glycolysis is the almost universal pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. In aerobic organisms the pyruvate passes into the mitochondria where it is completely oxidized by O₂ into CO₂ and H₂O and its potential energy largely conserved as ATP. In the absence of sufficient oxygen, the pyruvate is reduced by the NADH to lactate in animals. The effect of rapamycin exposure for 24 or 48 h is shown on glycolytic metabolites: glucose (A), glucose-6-phosphate (B), fructose-6-phosphate (C), isobar 3-diphosphate, glucose-1,6-diphosphate, myo-inositol-1 (D), dihydroxyacetone phosphate (E), 3-phosphpoglycerate (F), lactate (G). See “Materials and Methods” for technical protocols. Relative values are indicated over control. Left panels: blue, show wild-type MEFs; right panels: red, show TAp73^−/− MEFs. WT, wild-type; MEFs; KO, TAp73 knockout MEFs; U, untreated; R, rapamycin; S, starvation.