Table 3.
Secondary outcome measures: improvements and differences between groupsa.
| Outcome measures | n | Intervention, mean (95% CI) | n | Control, mean (95% CI) | Difference, I-Cb(95% CI) | ES | P value | |
| Sedentary intensity (accelerometer min/day) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 39 | 571 (498-645) | 40 | 555 (479-630) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 27 | 508 (454-563) | 30 | 540 (477-603) | −32 (−67.7 to 3.7) | −0.20 | .08 |
|
|
12 months | 24 | 514 (448-580) | 28 | 531 (467-595) | −17 (−54.7 to 20.7) | −0.10 | .38 |
| Pain (0-10) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 100 | 5.4 (4.2-6.5) | 98 | 4.9 (3.7-6.1) |
|
|
|
|
|
3 months | 85 | 3.5 (2.5-4.6) | 81 | 4.5 (3.4-5.7) | −1 (−1.6 to −0.38) | −0.20 | .002 |
|
|
12 months | 76 | 3.5 (2.4-4.5) | 71 | 3.8 (2.7-4.9) | −0.36 (−1.1 to 0.38) | −0.07 | .33 |
| Tiredness (0-10) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 100 | 5.6 (4.3-6.9) | 99 | 5.5 (4.3-6.8) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 85 | 3.2 (2-4.4) | 81 | 4.1 (2.9-5.3) | −0.84 (−1.6 to -0.06) | −0.16 | .04 |
|
|
12 months | 76 | 3 (1.9-4.2) | 71 | 4.1 (3-5.2) | −1.15 (−1.9 to −0.28) | −0.22 | .008 |
| Symptoms (0-100) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 100 | 68.2 (60.2-76.2) | 99 | 70.9 (62.7-79.2) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 85 | 67.4 (59.1-75.8) | 80 | 64.3 (55.3-73.2) | 3.1 (−1.3 to 7.6) | 0.08 | .16 |
|
|
12 months | 76 | 65.7 (57.4-74.0) | 71 | 62.8 (53.4-72.1) | 3 (−2.1 to 8.1) | 0.08 | .25 |
| Quality of life (0-100) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 100 | 38 (30.6-45.5) | 98 | 40.9 (33.6-48.2) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 85 | 49.4 (41.7-57.0) | 80 | 47.3 (39.4-55.1) | 2.1 (−1.7 to 5.9) | 0.06 | .28 |
|
|
12 months | 75 | 48.7 (40.8-56.6) | 71 | 47.5 (39.3-55.6) | 1.2 (−4.4 to 6.8) | 0.03 | .68 |
| Sport/recreation (0-100) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 88 | 27.6 (14.7-40.4) | 78 | 27.6 (13.4-41.9) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 58 | 42.6 (29.6-55.6) | 55 | 42.6 (29-56.2) | 0 (−8.0 to 8.1) | 0 | 1 |
|
|
12 months | 53 | 42.4 (28.1-56.8) | 47 | 39.6 (25.6-53.5) | 2.9 (−6.3 to 12.1) | 0.08 | .54 |
| Self-efficacy pain (1-5) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 100 | 4.1 (3.6-4.6) | 97 | 3.8 (3.6-4.2) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 85 | 4 (3.6-4.4) | 79 | 3.7 (3.3-4.1) | 0.31 (0.1-0.5) | 0.17 | .008 |
|
|
12 months | 75 | 4 (3.6-4.4) | 72 | 3.9 (3.5-4.3) | 0.12 (−01 to 0.4) | 0.06 | .35 |
| Self-efficacy other symptoms (1-5) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 100 | 3.6 (3.1-4.1) | 96 | 3.8 (3.4-4.3) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 85 | 4 (3.7-4.4) | 79 | 3.8 (3.7-4.4) | 0.21 (0-0.4) | 0.12 | .07 |
|
|
12 months | 75 | 4.1 (3.7-4.4) | 72 | 3.8 (3.5-4.2) | 0.23 (0-0.5) | 0.20 | .05 |
| Active pain coping (0-4) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 100 | 2.2 (2.0-2.4) | 96 | 2.2 (2-2.4) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 83 | 2 (1.9-2.2) | 77 | 2 (1.8-2.2) | −0.02 (−0.1 to 0.1) | −0.02 | .81 |
|
|
12 months | 73 | 2 (1.8-2.2) | 70 | 2 (1.8-2.2) | 0 (−0.1 to 0.1) | 0 | .98 |
| Passive pain coping (0-4) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 100 | 1.8 (1.7-2.0) | 96 | 1.8 (1.6-1.9) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 83 | 1.7 (1.6-1.8) | 77 | 1.7 (1.6-1.9) | −0.04 (−0.1 to 0.04) | 0 | .29 |
|
|
12 months | 73 | 1.7 (1.5-1.8) | 70 | 1.8 (1.7-1.9) | −0.12 (−0.2 to –0.03) | −0.18 | .008 |
| Internal locus of control (6-36) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 100 | 27.1 (25.1-29.2) | 96 | 27.5 (25.2-29.8) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 84 | 23.9 (21.9-25.8) | 79 | 23.4 (21.3-25.6) | 0.45 (−0.6 to 1.5) | 0.06 | .41 |
|
|
12 months | 74 | 23.6 (21.7-25.6) | 70 | 24 (21.7-26.2) | −0.3 (−1.5 to 0.9) | −0.05 | .61 |
| Powerful others locus of control (6-36) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 99 | 17.4 (14.8-20.0) | 96 | 18.8 (15.8-21.8) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 83 | 16.5 (15.0-18.0) | 79 | 16.1 (14.3-18.0) | 0.37 (−0.8 to 1.5) | 0.05 | .53 |
|
|
12 months | 73 | 15.2 (13.6-6.9) | 70 | 16 (14.1-17.9) | −0.74 (−2.0 to 0.6) | −0.1 | .26 |
| Anxiety (0-21) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 100 | 4 (2.5-5.6) | 97 | 4.2 (2.6-5.9) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 85 | 3.5 (2.5-4.5) | 79 | 4.2 (3.1-5.2) | −0.64 (−1.3 to 0) | −0.15 | .05 |
|
|
12 months | 75 | 3.1 (2.0-4.3) | 72 | 4.1 (2.9-5.2) | −0.9 (−1.6 to −0.2) | −0.21 | .007 |
| Depression (0-21) | ||||||||
|
|
Baseline | 100 | 4 (2.5-5.6) | 96 | 4.2 (2.6-5.9) | — | — | — |
|
|
3 months | 85 | 2.6 (1.5-3.7) | 78 | 3.2 (2.1-4.3) | −0.61 (−1.3 to 0.1) | −0.12 | .09 |
|
|
12 months | 75 | 2.4 (1.3-3.6) | 72 | 3 (1.9-4.2) | −0.6 (−1.3 to 0.1) | −0.12 | .09 |
aFor symptoms, quality of life, sport and recreation, self-efficacy, active pain coping, and locus of control, a higher score indicates an improvement. For sedentary behavior, tiredness, pain, passive pain coping, anxiety and depression a lower score indicates an improvement. Results are based on GEE analyses and adjusted for corresponding baseline variables, age, OA location, and gender.
bI-C: difference between intervention and control group.