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. 2013 Jun 10;99(4):600–611. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvt145

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Mechanisms of late INa-induced arrhythmia: EADs, DADs, and spontaneous diastolic depolarization. Not shown, late INa increases spatiotemporal dispersion of repolarization and facilitates reentrant arrhythmic activity. NCX, Na+/Ca2+ exchange; CaMKII, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.