Table 1.
Results and comparisons between those with mobile and those with ‘structural scoliosis’
| Patients with Pisa syndrome | Mobile scoliosis | Structural scoliosis | p Value** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients | 15 | 3 | 12 | |
| Age (years) | 72.1 (5.7, 63.3–82.3) | 70.5 | 72.5 | 0.6 |
| Male: female | 12:3 | 2:1 | 10:2 | 0.5 |
| PD duration (years) | 15 (6.1, 7.3–27.3) | 15 | 15 | 0.99 |
| Deformity duration (years) | 5.8 (3, 0.6–13.2) | 5.2 | 5.9 | 0.7 |
| Daily levodopa LED (mg) | 647 (242, 300–1197) | 666 | 642 | 0.9 |
| Daily dopamine agonist LED (mg) | 250 (161, 0–480) | 275 | 244 | 0.8 |
| Daily PD medication LED (mg) | 1010 (330, 498–1697) | 1041 | 1003 | 0.9 |
| Lateral flexion angle (°) | 17.2 (5, 10–25) | 18 | 17 | 0.6 |
| Standing radiograph Cobb angle (°) | 35 (16.4, 8.6–67) | 20.8 | 38.8 | 0.08 |
| Supine CT Cobb angle (°) | 20.4 (12.4, 3.2–45) | 6 | 24.8 | <0.01* |
| Relative collapse scoliosis (%) | 44.4 (21.4, 7.8–87.6) | 68.7 | 37.7 | 0.02* |
| PDQ-39 total score (0–156) | 67 (26, 20–116) | 61 | 68 | 0.7 |
| WHO well-being index (0–25) | 13 (6, 3–25) | 15 | 13 | 0.6 |
| Fatigue severity scale (0–63) | 40 (15, 21–63) | 42 | 40 | 0.9 |
| Pain visual analogue scale (0–10) | 4 (2, 0–8) | 3.7 | 4.1 | 0.8 |
| MoCA (0–30) | 22.6 (4.6, 10–27) | 21 | 25 | 0.4 |
| FAB (0–18) | 12.5 (3.8, 6–18) | 11 | 13 | 0.4 |
| MDS-UPDRS II | 26 (5.6, 20–38) | 29 | 25 | 0.3 |
| MDS-UPDRS III | 43.5 (11.2, 27–61) | 50 | 41 | 0.2 |
*Significant difference between groups.
**Group means compared using Student's t test except for gender when Fisher's exact test was used.
No significant differences were found between those with and without a structural scoliosis in terms of PD duration, deformity duration, medication usage, quality of life, pain, cognition or Parkinson's severity (UPDRS II and III). Values given=mean (SD, range).
FAB, frontal assessment battery; LED, Levodopa equivalent dose; MDS-UPDRS, Movement Disorder Society revised Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PD, Parkinson's disease; PDQ, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire.