a) Schematic diagram of the reagent-less fiber-optic fluorescent immunosensor. b) Typical relationship between the IgG concentration and the fluorescence intensity change of QD-protein A on a glass plate [149]. Reproduced from Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 20, Satoka Aoyagi and Masahiro Kudo, Development of fluorescence change-based, reagent-less optic immunosensor, 1680-1684, Copyright (2005), with permission from Elsevier.