Table 3. Effect of surfactant on the risk of ECMO/death for lung diseases associated with HRF among the entire study cohort consisting of both early inhaled nitric oxide and control groups.

Diagnosis	ECMO/death for surfactant-treated group, n (%)	ECMO/death for the no surfactant group, n (%)	P-value
Primary pulmonary hypertension	12/42 (28.6)	7/37 (19)	0.43
RDS	1/45 (2.2)	2/7 (28.6)	0.04
Perinatal aspiration syndrome	11/79 (14)	14/47 (30)	0.04
Pneumonia/sepsis	1/25 (4)	5/16 (31)	0.03
Lung diseases other than primary pulmonary hypertension	14/150 (9.3)	21/70 (30)	<0.001

Abbreviations: ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HRF, hypoxic respiratory failure; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome.

Data are shown for babies who met ECMO/death outcome for each diagnosis, for surfactant-treated and untreated groups as number (n) and percent (%).