Table 1.

Clinical and genetic data for the 17 patients with suspected valproate-induced liver injury. Causality assessment key: 2 – highly likely (75-95% likely); 3 – probable (50-75% likely); 4 – possible (25-50% likely) or 5 – unlikely (5-25% likely). ALT = serum alanine transferase, INR = international normalized coagulation ratio, n.a. = not available.

ID No	Age (years)	Race/ethnicity	Indication for valporate				Days from drug start to onset of hepatotoxicity	POLG Change		Causality Assessment	Peak ALT (U/L)	Peak bilirubin (mg/dL)	Peak INR
			Seizures	Bipolar disorder	Epilepsy	Severe headaches		cDNA substitution	Amino acid substitution
1	2	Caucasian	+				65			2	370	0.9	n.a.
2	5	Caucasian	+				219	c.3708G>T	p.Q1236H	2	2471	2.7	1.9
3	9	Caucasian	+				74			n.a.	302	n.a.	1.2
4	15	Hispanic			+		2788	c.3708G>T	p.Q1236H	3	525	3.9	1.0
5	15	Caucasian	+				124	c.911T>G; c.1399G>A	p.L304R; p.A467T	2	287	26.7	4.4
6	16	Caucasian	+				13			5	69	1.0	1.4
7	19	Caucasian		+			48			3	1813	7.1	1.3
8	22	Caucasian	+				4	c.3708G>T	p.Q1236H	3	76	0.4	1.6
9	23	Caucasian	+				720			3	835	0.5	1.5
10	26	Caucasian	+	+			n.a.	c.3428A>G	p.E1143G	3	130	1.2	1.2
11	33	Caucasian	+				30	c.3428A>G	p.E1143G	3	860	1.0	n.a.
12	33	Caucasian	+				1617			3	66	1.7	1.0
13	36	Hispanic		+			314	c.3708G>T	p.Q1236H	2	2947	7.7	1.7
14	36	Caucasian			+		51			4	106	32.0	1.5
15	36	Caucasian				+	85			2	831	13.1	0.9
16	41	Caucasian	+				147			3	142	22.4	2.0
17	47	Caucasian	+				31	c.3708G>T	p.Q1236H	2	90	0.5	2.1