Conditional
shRNA formation using a single stable scRNA. (a) Mechanism
3. scRNA A·B detects mRNA detection target X (containing subsequence
‘a-b-c’), leading to production of shRNA Dicer substrate
B targeting mRNA silencing target Y (containing independent subsequence
‘y-z’). scRNA A·B is stable in the absence of X.
X partially displaces A from B via toehold-mediated 3-way branch migration,
exposing a previously sequestered internal toehold, ‘c’,
within B, mediating a further 3-way branch migration that disassembles
B from X·A to yield shRNA Dicer substrate B. Domain lengths:
|a| = 12, |b| = 14, |c| = 3, |y| = 2, |z| = 19. Chemical modifications
(2′OMe-RNA): A (dashed backbone). (b) Conditional Dicer substrate
formation. OFF state: minimal production of Dicer substrate B in the
absence of detection target X, the presence of mRNA silencing target
Y, or the presence of mRNA off-target Z. ON state: strong production
of B in the presence of short RNA detection target Xs (‘a-b-c’)
or full-length mRNA detection target X. (c) Quantification of the
Dicer substrate band (B) in panel (b). (d) Conditional Dicer processing.
OFF state: minimal processing of the reactants (lane 2). ON state:
efficient processing of shRNA Dicer substrate B (lane 4), yielding
canonical 21- and 22-nt siRNAs (boxed bands). See Section S4 for additional computational and experimental studies
of Mechanism 3.