Table 1.
Percent distribution of Greater Accra households by water characteristics, according to residence, Ghana DHS 2003 and 2008
| 2003 | 2008 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Urban | Rural | Total | Urban | Rural | Total |
| Source of drinking watera | ||||||
| Piped into dwelling | 20.4 | 11.4 | 19.3 | 16.4 | 14.6 | 16.2 |
| Piped into compound/plot | 31.1 | 5.7 | 27.9 | 20.3 | 1.6 | 18.2 |
| Public tap | 37.2 | 34.3 | 36.9 | 20.1 | 53.1 | 23.9 |
| Open well in yard/plot | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 | – | – | – |
| Open public well | 0.1 | 10.5 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.7 |
| Protected well in dwelling/yard/plot | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 1.4 |
| Protected public well | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.4 | – | – | – |
| River, stream | 0.1 | 21.0 | 2.7 | – | – | – |
| Pond, lake | 0.1 | 4.8 | 0.7 | – | – | – |
| Tube well or borehole | – | – | – | 0.1 | 3.6 | 0.5 |
| Unprotected spring | – | – | – | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
| Rainwater | 0.1 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 0.4 |
| Tanker truck | 4.2 | 5.7 | 4.4 | 2.2 | 0.5 | 2.0 |
| Bottled water | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 1.9 |
| Sachet water | 5.7 | 2.9 | 5.4 | 37.0 | 18.8 | 34.9 |
| Other | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 | – | – | – |
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Time to water sourceb | ||||||
| Percentage <15 min | 91.0 | 72.8 | 87.3 | 94.2 | 87.9 | 93.4 |
| Median time to source (min) | 5.0 | 10.0 | 6.0 | 1.0 | 11.0 | 1.0 |
a
n=841 for 2003, n=1,673 for 2008.
b
n=393 for 2003, n=1,671 for 2008.