Table 2.
TOPS subscales as a function of skill level. Data are means (±SD).
| Elite (n = 65) |
Nonelite (n = 50) |
df | F | p | η2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TOPS | ||||||
| Activation | 13.97 (1.94) | 13.34 (2.32) | 1,107 | .83 | .32 | .12 |
| Relaxation | 13.23 (2.48) | 15.10 (3.16) | 1,107 | 18 | .001 | .18 |
| Imagery | 15.29 (3.19) | 13.10 (2.99) | 1,107 | 27.20 | .001 | .20 |
| Goal setting | 14.58 (2.94) | 12.66 (2.24) | 1,107 | 2.15 | .09 | .08 |
| Self-talk | 16.32 (2.47) | 14.71 (2.52) | 1,107 | 14.83 | .001 | .17 |
| Automaticity | 15.00 (3.50) | 13.91 (6.63) | 1,107 | 1.40 | .29 | .05 |
| Emotional control | 14.74 (2.66) | 13.71 (2.69) | 1,107 | .41 | .59 | .08 |
| Negative attitude | 8.31 (2.56) | 7.57 (2.33) | 1,107 | .93 | .33 | .09 |