α6* nAChR expression and activation is necessary for alcohol potentiation of DAergic neuron responses to ACh. Representative action potential firing frequency histogram from an A) WT or B) α6 KO VTA DAergic neuron before, during, and after 10-min bath application of 300 μM ACh. Representative action potential traces (bottom of each panel, a, b, c) are shown from the corresponding times on the histograms. Representative action potential firing frequency histogram from a C) WT or D) α6 KO VTA DAergic neuron before, during, and after 10-min bath co-application of 300 μM ACh and 50 mM ethanol. E) Representative action potential firing frequency histogram from a WT VTA DAergic neuron before, during, and after 10 min bath co-application of 300 μM ACh and 50 mM ethanol in the presence of 100 nM α-CTX-MII[E11A]. F) Fold-change in average DAergic neuron firing frequency in response to 300 μM ACh alone in WT (n = 8) or α6 KO slices (n = 6), in the presence of 50 mM ethanol (n = 12 and 11, respectively), or in the presence of 50 mM ethanol and α-CTX-MII[E11A] in WT slices (n = 8). #p < 0.05, ##p<0.01 compared to baseline as in 1D. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 response to ethanol compared between treatments/genotypes. ^p < 0.05 compared to ACh in α6 KO DAergic neurons.