Table 2.
Characteristics of mothers and infants participating in the Infant Care, Feeding, and Risk of Obesity study.
| Study Visit
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-month | 6-month | 9-month | 12-month | 18-month | |
|
| |||||
| mean±SD/n(%) | |||||
| Total (n) | 217 | 161 | 165 | 151 | 129 |
| Infant characteristics | |||||
| Age (months) | 3.2±0.3 | 6.4±0.5 | 9.4±0.5 | 12.6±0.7 | 19.1±2 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39.5±1.5 | 39.6±1.4 | 39.5±1.4 | 39.6±1.4 | 39.5±1.4 |
| Birthweight (kg) | 3.2±0.5 | 3.3±0.5 | 3.2±0.5 | 3.2±0.5 | 3.2±0.5 |
| Female | 116 (53.5) | 85 (53.5) | 85 (51.8) | 80 (54.8) | 68 (52.7) |
| Weight-for-height Z score | 0.6±1 | 0.5±1.1 | 0.5±1.1 | 0.4±1.1 | 0.3±1.1 |
| Infant overweighta | 63 (29) | 41 (25.8) | 40 (24.4) | 32 (21.9) | 25 (19.4) |
| Maternal and household characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 22.7±3.8 | 22.9±3.8 | 23.3±4 | 23.7±3.9 | 24.3± |
| Maternal education | |||||
| Less than highschool | 58 (27.1) | 43 (26.7) | 45 (27.6) | 41 (27.3) | 35 (27.1) |
| Highschool graduate | 65 (30.4) | 45 (28) | 46 (28.2) | 37 (24.7)** | 34 (26.4) |
| Any college | 91 (42.5) | 73 (45.3) | 72 (44.2) | 72 (48)** | 60 (46.5) |
| Married | 21 (9.8) | 17 (10.6) | 19 (12.3) | 16 (11.8)* | 16 (15.8)** |
| Any maternal employment | 115 (53.7) | 97 (61.8) | 101 (63.5) | 83 (58.5) | 61 (60.4) |
| Maternal obesity (BMI≥30) | 96 (44.2) | 71 (44.1) | 73 (44.8) | 63 (42) | 55 (42.6) |
| Maternal depressionb | 62 (29.1) | 40 (27.6) | 37 (23.6) | 24 (17.1) | 35 (34) |
| Household size | 3.9±1.7 | 4.1±1.7 | 3.6±1.5 | 3.5±1.5 | 3.3±1.3** |
| Infant diet | |||||
| Ever breastfed | 151 (69.6) | 119 (73.9) | 119 (72.2) | 108 (72) | 94 (72.9) |
| Still breastfeeding | 49 (22.6) | 24 (14.4) | 19 (11.5) | 8 (5.2) | 3 (2.2) |
| Any intake of food groups/items | |||||
| Whole fruit | 55 (25.1) | 116 (72.1) | 111 (67.3) | 98 (64.9) | 88 (68.2) |
| Vegetables, excluding fried potatoes | 50 (22.8) | 113 (70.2) | 144 (87.3) | 136 (90.1) | 124 (96.1) |
| Juice | 53 (24.2) | 99 (61.5) | 130 (78.9) | 136 (90.1) | 117 (90.1) |
| Fried potatoes | 0 | 9 (5.6) | 33 (20) | 58 (38.4) | 71 (55) |
| Desserts and sweets, excluding beverages | 0 | 45 (28) | 105 (63.6) | 120 (79.5) | 121 (93.8) |
| Sweetened beverages | 3 (1.4) | 7 (4.4) | 33 (20) | 69 (45.7) | 89 (69) |
| Salty snacks | 1 (0.5) | 4 (2.5) | 12 (7.3) | 36 (23.8) | 59 (45.7) |
| Daily servings of food groups/items | |||||
| Whole fruit | -- | 1.8±0.3 | 1.9±0.2 | 2.1±0.4 | 1.7±0.2 |
| Vegetables, excluding fried potatoes | -- | 1.8±0.3 | 1.7±0.1 | 2±0.2 | 2.3±0.2 |
| Juice | -- | 2.3±0.3 | 2.9±0.4 | 4.9±0.4 | 5.3±0.5 |
| Fried potatoes | -- | 0.3±0.1 | 0.6±0.2 | 1.1±0.2 | 0.9±0.1 |
| Desserts and sweets, excluding beverages | -- | 1.4±0.4 | 1.4±0.2 | 1.6±0.3 | 2.2±0.2 |
| Sweetened beverages | -- | 0.2±0.2 | 0.7±0.2 | 1.2±0.2 | 1.5±0.2 |
| Salty snacks | -- | 0.2±0.1 | 0.1±0 | 0.6±0.1 | 0.9±0 |
a
>90th percentile 2000 CDC NCHS growth charts
b
Score ≥16 on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
*
Significantly different from baseline at P<0.05.
**
Significantly different from baseline at P<0.001.