Figure 8.

Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of the synaptic responses in the ACC: N-type VGCC involvement and modulation by neuromodulators. A, ω-Ctx-GVIA (1 μM, 30 min) treatment blocked the EPSCs recorded from LII/III neurons of the ACC (39.2 ± 7.0%, n = 10 cells/6 mice). Sample traces are shown in the insets. B, C, Nimodipine (10 μM, 30 min, 101.2 ± 3.0%, n = 10 cells/6 mice) and NiCl₂ (100 μM, 30 min, 99.6 ± 5.1%, n = 10 cells/6 mice) did not block the synaptic response. Sample traces of nimodipine treatment are shown in the insets. D-F, Application of 1S,3R–ACPD (200 μM, 29.1 ± 5.1%, n = 8 cells/4 mice), Cch (10 μM, 46.7 ± 6.2%, n = 8 cells/4 mice) and (R)-Baclofen (5 μM, 41.7 ± 2.0%, n = 8 cells/4 mice) for 30 min inhibited the ACC LII/III neuronal responses and the inhibition was recovered after washout. G, 2-CA (5 μM, 29.9 ± 5.3%, n = 8 cells/4 mice) induced a similar acute inhibition but the inhibition is maintained during washout. The horizontal bars indicate the period of drug application. Error bars represent SEM.