Table 5.
Summary of published studies reporting the expression of ALDH1 in carcinoma
| Number of patients | Patient population (Publication year) | Tissue and methods | Expression compared to normal tissue | Association with high histologic grade | Association with high TNM staging | Expression in metastasis compared to primary | Prognostic factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Breast cancer | |||||||
| 106 |
Triple negative mammary carcinoma (2011) [31] |
FFPE, IHC |
N/A |
↑ for epithelial cells - for stromal cells |
N/A |
N/A |
↓for epithelial cells |
| 606 |
Invasive mammary carcinoma, DCIS (2012) [24] |
TMA, IHC |
N/A |
↑ |
- |
N/A |
N/A |
| 140 |
2012-Triple negative mammary carcinoma [25] |
TMA, IHC |
N/A |
- |
- |
N/A |
↑ for stromal cells |
|
Gastrointestinal cancer | |||||||
| 190 |
Gastric carcinoma (2012) [32] |
FFPE, IHC |
N/A |
↑ |
↑ |
↑ |
- |
| 96 |
Colorectal carcinoma (2012) [29] |
FFPE, IHC |
↑ |
N/A |
↓ |
↓ |
- |
| 1420 |
Colorectal carcinoma (2010) [33] |
TMA, IHC |
↓ |
+ |
N/A |
N/A |
- |
| 186 |
Colorectal carcinoma (2012) [34] |
TMA, IHC |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
↓ (for cells that were positive for beta-catenin in the nucleus) |
|
Gynecological cancer | |||||||
| 442 |
Ovarian carcinoma (2009) [28] |
TMA, IHC |
N/A |
- |
↓ |
N/A |
↑ |
| 84 |
Ovarian carcinoma (2012) [35] |
TMA, IHC |
N/A |
- |
- |
N/A |
↓ |
| 28 |
Serous ovarian carcinoma (2010) [36] |
TMA, IHC, RT-PCR, Western |
↓ |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
| 98 |
Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma (2010) [37] |
IHC |
N/A |
- |
↑ |
N/A |
↓ |
|
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer | |||||||
| 49 |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (2012) [38] |
FFPE, IHC |
N/A |
↓ |
- |
N/A |
↑ |
| 100 |
Gallbladder adenocarcinoma (2010) [26] |
FFPE, IHC |
↑ |
↑ |
N/A |
N/A |
↓ |
| 97 |
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2011) [39] |
IHC, RT-PCR, Western |
N/A |
- |
- |
N/A |
↑ |
| 78 | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2012) [40] | TMA, IHC | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | - |
N/A: data not available.
↑: Increased expression or positive correlation.
-: No association.
↓: Decreased expression or negative correlation.
FFPE: immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue; IHC: immunohistochemistry; RT-PCR: quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction TMA: tissue microarray; Western: Western blot.