Table 3.
Limited list of selected growth factors for modulation of wound microenvironment
| Growth Factor | In Vitro Effects | Products for Clinical Use |
|---|---|---|
| PDGF | Stimulates the production of other growth factors. Assumes a role in remodeling. |
Chemicon (Millipore) Becaplermin gel 0.01% (rhPDGF) |
| TGF-β | Regulates cellular migration and proliferation. Proteinase expression. Fibronectin binding interactions. Terminates cell proliferation. Stimulates collagen production. |
None |
| IGF-1 | Assumes a role in fibroblast proliferation and migration. Stimulates matrix production. |
None |
| VEGF | Stimulates angiogenesis. | None |
| Basic FGF (aka FGF-2) | Stimulates angiogenesis. Regulates cell migration and proliferation. |
None |
| KGF-1 (aka FGF-7)KGF-2 (aka FGF-10) | Enhances proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. Are downregulated in fetal wound repair. |
None |
| NGF | Regulates angiogenesis. Enhances functional properties of various inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells. Accelerates cutaneous wound-healing rate. |
None |
| EGF | Stimulates keratinocytes to produce hyaluronic acid. Stimulates fibroblast function. Implicated in cellular motility and migration during wound repair. Implicated in formation of granulation tissue. |
None |
All of the effects mentioned in the table above were studied in vitro or in animal models, and have yet to be proven clinically in humans, except for PDGF.
PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; KGF, keratinocyte growth factor; NGF, nerve growth factor; EGF, epidermal growth factor.