TABLE 1.
Characteristics of Caucasian and non-Caucasian Cases and Controls
| Caucasian | non-Caucasian | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Characteristics | Iron-deficient cases (n=364) | Iron-replete controls (n=736) | Iron-deficient cases (n=207) | Iron-replete controls (n=406) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 59 (10.2) | 61 (10.7) | 57 (10.9) | 57 (11.5) |
| Male, n (%) | 91 (25.0%) | 179 (24.3%) | 64 (30.9%) | 131 (32.3%) |
| Celiac disease1, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 14 (3.8%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0 | 0 |
| Indeterminate | 1 (0.3%) | 5 (0.7%) | 3 (1.4%) | 1 (0.2%) |
| No | 349 (95.9%) | 730 (99.2%) | 204 (98.6%) | 405 (99.8%) |
| HFE genotype, n (%) | ||||
| C282Y/C282Y | 4 (1.1%) | 8 (1.1%) | 0 | 0 |
| C282Y/H63D | 7 (1.9%) | 17 (2.3%) | 1 (0.5%) | 2 (0.5%) |
| H63D/H63D | 9 (2.5%) | 21 (2.9%) | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.3%) |
| C282Y/wt | 36 (9.9%) | 75 (10.2%) | 3 (1.5%) | 11 (2.7%) |
| H63D/wt | 90 (24.7%) | 169 (23.0%) | 18 (8.7%) | 47 (11.6%) |
| wt/wt | 218 (59.9%) | 446 (60.6%) | 184 (88.9%) | 345 (85.0%) |
| Laboratory measures | ||||
| CRP (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 3.95 (5.53) | 6.16 (12.27) | 3.85 (4.98) | 5.25 (7.47) |
| ALT (U/L), mean (SD) | 20.05 (8.04) | 21.18 (16.4) | 15.46 (10.08) | 18.99 (34.59) |
| GGT (U/L), mean (SD) | 24.9 (33.41) | 32.05 (46.93) | 28.83 (38.82) | 37.09 (64.94) |
| CEA (ng/mL), mean (SD) | 1.67 (1.46) | 1.51 (1.49) | 1.51 (1.49) | 1.46 (0.93) |
1
The CD screen was performed using a sequential approach. First, for all samples, the IgA was measured against human recombinant tissue transglutaminase by ELISA (Inova Diagnostics, San Diego, CA). For those samples showing positive or borderline results for the TTG-IgA, an anti-endomysial antibody (ema-IgA) test was then performed. Double positives were presumed to have untreated CD. Single positives were considered to have indeterminate CD status and were excluded from analysis.