Table 1. Clinical, biochemical and hemodynamic characteristics of coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients with BMI ≤30 kg/m2 and >30 kg/m2.
| Characteristic |
BMI ≤30 kg/m2 (n=33) | BMI >30 kg/m2 (n=24) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64±10 | 63±10 | 0.70 | |
| Women, n (%) | 4 (12%) | 7 (29%) | 0.17 | |
| Left main stenosis >50%, n (%) | 14 (42%) | 12 (50%) | 0.60 | |
| One vessel stenosis >70%, n (%) | 7 (21%) | 7 (29%) | 0.54 | |
| Two vessel stenosis >70%, n (%) | 17 (52%) | 11 (46%) | 0.79 | |
| Three vessel stenosis >70%, n (%) | 8 (24%) | 5 (21%) | 1.0 | |
| Patients with occluded coronary artery, n (%) | 12 (36%) | 8 (33%) | 1.0 | |
| Coronary collaterals, Rentrop grade 2 or 3, n (%) | 16 (48%) | 11 (46%) | 1.0 | |
| Wall motion abnormality | 4 (12%) | 2 (8%) | 1.0 | |
| Previous percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, n (%) | 4 (12%) | 3 (13%) | 1.0 | |
| Coronary artery conduits/patient, n | 3±1 | 3±1 | 0.71 | |
| Body weight (kg) | 79±12 | 96±12 | <0.0001 | |
| Height (cm) | 174±9 | 168±10 | 0.025 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26±3 | 34±4 | <0.0001 | |
| BSA (m2) | 1.9±0.2 | 2.0±0.2 | 0.022 | |
| Clinical risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 6 (18%) | 9 (38%) | 0.13 | |
| Metabolic syndrome (non-diabetic), n (%) | 13 (39%) | 14 (58%) | 0.19 | |
| Diabetes or metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 19 (58%) | 23 (96%) | 0.002 | |
| Pre-admission SBP (mmHg) | 132±15 | 133±15 | 0.87 | |
| Pre-admission DBP (mmHg) | 75±8 | 76±7 | 0.77 | |
| Previous hypertension, n (%) | 19 (58%) | 20 (83%) | 0.048 | |
| Use of tobacco, ever, n (%) | 16 (48%) | 17 (71%) | 0.11 | |
| Fasting plasma total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.7±1.2 | 3.3±0.7 | 0.08 | |
| Fasting plasma LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.3±1.0 | 1.8±0.7 | 0.07 | |
| Fasting plasma HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.98±0.20 | 0.92±0.23 | 0.34 | |
| Fasting plasma triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.2 (1.0-1.7) | 1.7 (1.3-2.7) | 0.008 | |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 6.1±1.3 | 6.2±1.3 | 0.71 | |
| Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/L) | 43 (29-66) | 86 (61-129) | 0.001 | |
| ß cell function from HOMA2-%B | 58 (46-80) | 81 (69-117) | 0.005 | |
| Insulin sensitivity from HOMA2-%S | 122 (80-191) | 60 (42-88) | 0.0008 | |
| Insulin resistance from HOMA2-IR | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) | 1.7 (1.2-2.4) | 0.0006 | |
| Plasma NT-proBNP (pmol/L) | 10 (4-27) | 11 (5-23) | 0.61 | |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 73±14 | 68±15 | 0.13 | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 1.1 (0.6-4.3) | 2.1 (1.1-4.8) | 0.40 | |
| Medications | ||||
| ACE inhibitor therapy, n (%) | 14 (42%) | 17 (71%) | 0.06 | |
| ARB therapy, n (%) | 10 (30%) | 5 (21%) | 0.55 | |
| ACEI and/or ARB therapy, (%) | 24 (73%) | 20 (83%) | 0.52 | |
| Statin therapy, n (%) | 27 (82%) | 21 (88%) | 0.72 | |
| Aspirin therapy, n (%) | 28 (85%) | 24 (100%) | 0.07 | |
| Calcium antagonist therapy, n (%) | 7 (21%) | 8 (33%) | 0.37 | |
| ß-blocker therapy, n (%) | 23 (70%) | 20 (83%) | 0.35 | |
| Long-acting nitrate therapy, n (%) | 8 (24%) | 6 (25%) | 1.0 | |
| Thiazide or indapamide therapy, n (%) | 5 (15%) | 10 (42%) | 0.035 | |
| Intra-operative hemodynamics immediately post induction of anesthesia | ||||
| Central venous pressure (mmHg) | 8±4 | 10±4 | 0.015 | |
| Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mmHg) | 9±3 | 12±4 | 0.003 | |
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg) | 15±4 | 19±5 | 0.002 | |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 74±11 | 76±14 | 0.51 | |
| Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.6±0.8 | 2.4±0.5 | 0.22 | |
Continuous data are expressed as mean±SD or median (interquartile range) for variables with skewed distribution, and categorical variables are expressed as number (%). One non-obese and one obese patient had left main stenosis without other vessel stenosis >70%. Coronary collaterals were scored according to Rentrop et al. [46]. ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BSA, body surface area; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation [28]; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HOMA, Homeostasis Model Assessment calculator version 2.2 [29]; LDL, low density lipoprotein; NT-proBNP, amino-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Comparison of parameters for patients with BMI ≤30 kg/m2 and >30 kg/m2 were performed using t-test for continuous variables and χ2 or Fisher's exact tests for discrete variables.