Table 2.
Association between improvement in scores (from preop to 12 months’ follow-up) and global outcome (0 = poor, 1 = good) at 12 months’ follow-up
| Variable | 12 Months postoperatively | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual indicators | Multiple regression | |||||
| Change scorea preop to 12 mo postop in | OR | 95 % CI | p value | OR | 95 % CI | p value |
| Average LBP in the last week | 1.346 | 1.151; 1.574 | <0.0001 | |||
| Average leg pain in the last week | 1.577 | 1.309; 1.900 | <0.0001 | |||
| Average of all pain scales | 2.073 | 1.564; 2.746 | <0.0001 | 1.687 | 1.187; 2.398 | 0.004 |
| General health | 1.303 | 1.108; 1.532 | 0.001 | 1.246 | 1.004; 1.545 | 0.045 |
| MSPQ + ZUNG (psychological disturbance) | 1.127 | 1.070; 1.187 | <0.0001 | 1.073 | 1.006; 1.144 | 0.033 |
| Roland Morris Disability | 1.396 | 1.225; 1.591 | <0.0001 | 1.243 | 1.074; 1.439 | 0.004 |
| FABQ-physical activity | 1.087 | 1.030; 1.148 | 0.002 | |||
| Catastrophising | 1.151 | 1.069; 1.241 | <0.0001 | |||
FABQ-physical activity Fear-avoidance beliefs about physical activity, LBP low back pain, MSPQ Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (enquires about the frequency of somatic symptoms experienced in the last week), ZUNG ZUNG self-rated depression
aThe change scores (preop to 12 months postop) were calculated such that a positive value indicated an improved status (i.e. reduced pain, better general health, reduced catastrophising, etc.)