Table 5.

Association of pain and number of pain sites with self-reported inability to independently carry out functional tasks without use of assistive devices in adults 65 years and older, United States: National Health and Aging Trends Study, 2011

	Walk 3 blocks (N=7,132) PR (95% CI)	Climb 10 stairs (N=7,123) PR (95% CI)	Carry 10 pounds (N=7,145) PR (95% CI)	Bend over (N=7,153) PR (95% CI)	Reach overhead (N=7,149) PR (95% CI)	Grasp small objects (N=7,161) PR (95% CI)
Pain status
No pain	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Pain	1.72 (1.56–1.90)	1.79 (1.60–2.01)	1.73 (1.50–2.00)	1.66 (1.46–1.89)	1.80 (1.54–2.09)	1.70 (1.29–2.24)
No. of pain sites
0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
1	1.41 (1.24–1.59)	1.32 (1.13–1.54)	1.40 (1.15–1.71)	1.26 (1.07–1.49)	1.24 (0.97–1.58)	0.94 (0.54–1.64)
2	1.57 (1.38–1.78)	1.60 (1.36–1.89)	1.48 (1.23–1.78)	1.51 (1.24–1.83)	1.33 (1.06–1.68)	0.89 (0.53–1.48)
3	1.81 (1.59–2.06)	1.90 (1.57–2.31)	1.89 (1.57–2.28)	1.73 (1.49–2.00)	1.84 (1.52–2.23)	1.48 (1.01–2.18)
≥4	2.05 (1.83–2.30)	2.28 (2.00–2.61)	2.11 (1.78–2.50)	2.11 (1.82–2.45)	2.59 (2.15–3.12)	2.90 (2.07–4.07)

PR=Prevalence Ratio; CI=Confidence Interval

All 12 models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking history, body mass index, obesity, depressive symptoms, dementia, arthritis, osteoporosis, hip fracture, cancer, chronic lung disease, myocardial infarction, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and total number of medical conditions