Table 1.
Bivariate analyses examining differences between nondaily and daily smokers and factors associated with NNAL levels normalized for creatinine among nondaily and daily smokers
| Variable | All participants N = 62 N (%) or Mean (SD) |
Nondaily smokers N = 35 N (%) or Mean (SD) |
Daily smokers N = 27 N (%) or Mean (SD) |
P | Association with NNAL levels |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nondaily smokersr |
Daily smokers |
|||||||
| r or M (SD) |
P | r or M (SD) |
P | |||||
| Age (SD) | 26.3 (8.7) | 23.2 (5.3) | 30.4 (10.4) | 0.001 | −0.15 | 0.39 | 0.45 | 0.02 |
| Gender (%) | 0.42 | 0.17 | 0.48 | |||||
| Male | 25 (40.3) | 15 (42.9) | 10 (37.0) | 89.2 (150.3) | 348.1 (318.0) | |||
| Female | 37 (59.7) | 20 (57.1) | 17 (63.0) | 34.2 (81.2) | 271.7 (239.8) | |||
| Ethnicity (%) | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.59 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 45 (72.6) | 27 (77.1) | 18 (66.7) | 68.88 (130.9) | 319.9 (286.7) | |||
| Black | 17 (27.4) | 8 (22.9) | 9 (33.3) | 20.29 (32.1) | 259.9 (236.8) | |||
| Body mass index (SD) | 25.1 (4.7) | 25.3 (5.2) | 24.8 (4.0) | 0.67 | 0.07 | 0.69 | 0.05 | 0.82 |
| Number of smoking days, past 30 days (SD) | 20.0 (11.2) | 12.3 (9.3) | 30.0 (0.0) | <0.001 | 0.46 | 0.005 | – | – |
| Average cpd on days smoked (SD) | 6.6 (7.0) | 2.8 (2.5) | 11.5 (7.9) | <0.001 | 0.45 | 0.007 | 0.64 | <0.001 |
| Total cigarettes in the past week (SD) | 51.6 (67.3) | 13.8 (20.3) | 100.5 (75.3) | <0.001 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.63 | <0.001 |
| Smoke menthol (%) | 0.12 | 0.84 | 0.44 | |||||
| No | 34 (54.8) | 22 (62.9) | 12 (44.4) | 54.7 (96.1) | 345.8 (327.1) | |||
| Yes | 28 (45.2) | 13 (37.1) | 15 (55.6) | 63.0 (150.8) | 263.2 (214.6) | |||
| Smoke within 30 minutes of waking (%) | <0.001 | 0.63 | 0.007 | |||||
| No | 41 (67.2) | 33 (97.1) | 8 (19.6) | 61.2 (119.5) | 94.7 (53.6) | |||
| Yes | 20 (32.8) | 1 (2.9) | 19 (70.4) | 1.5 (–) | 386.4 (275.7) | |||
| Smokeless tobacco use (%) | 0.07 | <0.001 | 0.71 | |||||
| No | 56 (87.5) | 30 (81.1) | 26 (96.3) | 19.8 (30.4) | 303.9 (272.5) | |||
| Yes | 8 (12.5) | 7 (18.9) | 1 (3.7) | 209.7 (200.3) | 198.3 (–) | |||
| Days smokeless tobacco use (SD)* | 8.4 (9.5) | 8.3 (10.1) | 10.0 (–) | 0.88 | 0.73 | 0.06 | – | – |
| Other combustible tobacco products use (%) | 0.07 | 0.42 | 0.25 | |||||
| No | 50 (78.1) | 26 (70.3) | 24 (88.9) | 46.8 (92.5) | 321.3 (274.5) | |||
| Yes | 14 (21.9) | 11 (29.7) | 3 (11.1) | 81.8 (161.8) | 129.3 (134.8) | |||
| Days other combustible tobacco use (SD)* | 11.6 (12.3) | 9.3 (11.4) | 23.3 (11.5) | 0.07 | 0.64 | 0.03 | 0.26 | 0.83 |
| Urine NNAL, pg/mL (SD) | 144.6 (188.7) | 71.9 (158.6) | 238.7 (185.2) | <0.001 | 0.75 | <0.001 | 0.42 | 0.03 |
| Urine NNAL – pg/mg/g creatinine (SD) | 163.2 (230.1) | 57.8 (117.3) | 300.0 (268.0) | <0.001 | – | – | – | – |
Notes:
*
Statistics reflect values only among users of smokeless tobacco or other combustible tobacco products, respectively, across the row.
Abbreviations: NNAL, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol; SD, standard deviation; cpd, cigarettes per day.