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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2013 Dec;32(0):10.1007/s10555-013-9441-9. doi: 10.1007/s10555-013-9441-9

Figure-3. Role of Exosomes in Sustaining Cancer Resistance Networks.

Figure-3

Exosome mediated export of biological material can induce a microenvironment favorable for resistance. Exosome released factor can promote (a) EMT cell morphology, resulting in stemness; (b) promote fibroblast like cell formation that causes desmoplatic reaction (stromal reaction); (c) promote immune escape mechanisms and (d) promote angiogenesis and metastasis. The miRNAs expelled by exosomes can regulate multiple signaling pathways that cumulatively promote resistant phenotype of most tumors.