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. 2013 Aug 7;85(2):289–306. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.290

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and picrosirius red staining of the lentivirus (LV)–small hairpin RNA (shRNA)–vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)–transduced and Avastin-treated vessels have increased lumen vessel area with decreased media and adventitia area and collagen expression. (a, first column) Representative sections after H&E at the venous stenosis of the LV-shRNA-VEGF-A (LV) and scrambled-VEGF-A (control (C))–transduced vessels or Avastin-treated vessels or immunoglobulin G (IgG) controls at day 14 showing increase in lumen vessel area. (a, second column) Representative polarized light microscopy of picrosirius red–stained venous stenosis showing decreased fibrosis (collagen fibers are bright yellow) of the LV and C-transduced vessels and Avastin-treated vessels and controls. Qualitatively, there is a reduction in collagen staining by Sirius red by days 3–21. *Indicates the lumen. Bar=200 μm. Pooled data for mean lumen vessel area LV and C groups and Avastin-treated and control vessels are shown in b. There is a significant increase in the mean lumen vessel area in the LV-transduced vessels when compared with C vessels for days 14–28 (P<0.001 for all). By day 14, there was a significant increase in the mean lumen vessel area in the Avastin-treated vessels when compared with IgG controls (P<0.001). Pooled data for mean media and adventitia area in LV and C groups and Avastin and control groups are shown in c. There is a significant decrease in the mean media and adventitia area in the LV-transduced vessels when compared with C vessels for day 14 (P<0.01). By day 28, there is a significant reduction in the mean media and adventitia area in the Avastin-treated vessels when compared with controls (P<0.001). (d) Kaplan–Meier estimates for LV-transduced vessels (red) when compared with C vessels (blue). There is improved patency in the LV-transduced vessels (red) when compared with C vessels (Log-rank test: P<0.05). (b, c) Each bar shows mean±s.e.m. of 4–6 animals per group. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Student's t-test with post hoc Bonferroni's correction was performed. Significant difference from control value is indicated by **P<0.001.