Table 4.
Data from the maternal questionnaires
|
Variables |
O. south |
O. east |
O. center |
O. west |
P. (KW) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | % | % | |||
| Gender |
Boys |
49.7 |
49.2 |
55.2 |
48.3 |
|
| Girls |
50.3 |
50.8 |
44.8 |
51.7 |
|
|
| Delivery |
Sectio Caesarea |
17.4 |
16.4 |
19.4 |
18.7 |
|
| Phototherapy* |
5.5 |
1.6 |
7.2 |
4.4 |
= 0.028 |
|
| Birth weight |
Mean (grams) |
3380 |
3380 |
3380 |
3399 |
|
| SD (grams) |
478 |
492 |
481 |
455 |
|
|
| Age of mothers at delivery |
<20 years |
4.2 |
5.5 |
6.0 |
3.4 |
|
| 20 to 30 years |
64.7 |
68.9 |
67.0 |
67.8 |
|
|
| >30 years |
31.0 |
25.7 |
27.0 |
28.8 |
|
|
| Mother’s education |
Low |
9.1 |
16.4 |
10.1 |
5.1 |
|
| Middle |
40.2 |
38.3 |
35.1 |
29.7 |
|
|
| High |
50.7 |
45.4 |
54.9 |
65.2 |
|
|
| Breastfeeding |
Breast fed |
92.8 |
86.3 |
93.7 |
92.9 |
= 0.009 |
| Months – mean |
8.7 |
7.6 |
8.8 |
11.0 |
|
|
| Months – SD |
9.1 |
8.1 |
9.1 |
20.9 |
|
|
| Smoking of mothers |
During pregnancy |
12.0 |
17.5 |
18.1 |
9.1 |
|
| During the study |
31.5 |
32.2 |
35.6 |
23.6 |
= 0.019 |
|
| Exposure to ETS* |
Any adult |
48.6 |
54.6 |
49.9 |
42.7 |
|
| Type of flat |
Family house |
11.0 |
55.0 |
3.0 |
15.5 |
< 0.001 |
| (in the 1st year) |
Brick block flats |
23.6 |
36.8 |
36.0 |
36.1 |
|
| Concrete block flats |
65.5 |
8.2 |
61.0 |
48.5 |
|
|
| Type of heating |
Distant |
65.5 |
8.2 |
61.0 |
48.5 |
< 0.001 |
| Gas |
16.0 |
48.3 |
15.4 |
13.1 |
|
|
| Coal/wood |
2.8 |
30.2 |
2.1 |
2.8 |
|
|
| Mold in flat |
Yes |
24.2 |
36.8 |
12.9 |
18.9 |
< 0.001 |
| Gas appliances in flat |
Yes |
86.6 |
66.3 |
90.8 |
89.8 |
< 0.001 |
| Other children under 14 |
Yes |
51.5 |
55.7 |
48.9 |
41.2 |
|
| Family history of allergies |
Mother |
37.2 |
44.8 |
34.2 |
33.1 |
|
| Father |
21.1 |
23.0 |
25.0 |
28.7 |
|
|
| Siblings |
20.9 |
31.1 |
26.1 |
26.4 |
= 0.016 |
|
| Pets |
Cat |
6.4 |
9.8 |
5.2 |
4.7 |
|
| Dog |
20.9 |
19.1 |
17.5 |
20.9 |
|
|
| Birds |
7.2 |
8.2 |
6.0 |
7.8 |
|
|
| Other* |
23.6 |
20.8 |
21.8 |
22.0 |
|
|
| Day care | 3rd and 4th year |
56.8 |
40.4 |
52.7 |
63.5 |
< 0.001 |
| 4th and 5th year | 89.3 | 72.9 | 89.9 | 92.9 | < 0.001 | |
Categorical covariates except birth weight and the length of breastfeeding. KW-Kruskal Wallis test.
*Phototherapy - neonatal icterus treated with phototherapy, *ETS - environmental tobacco smoke.
*Other - rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, degus etc.