Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Whole subjects | Women | Men | P value | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects |
8335 |
|
|
|
2958 |
|
|
|
5377 |
|
|
|
0.862 |
||||||
| Age, years |
59.7 |
± |
10.4 |
|
|
|
59.7 |
± |
10.1 |
|
|
|
59.6 |
± |
10.5 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 |
23.2 |
± |
3.3 |
|
|
|
21.8 |
± |
3.3 |
|
|
|
24.1 |
± |
3.1 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm |
83.3 |
± |
9.4 |
|
|
|
78.6 |
± |
9.5 |
|
|
|
85.9 |
± |
8.3 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg |
125.0 |
± |
17.7 |
|
|
|
120.4 |
± |
18.7 |
|
|
|
127.6 |
± |
16.6 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg |
78.3 |
± |
10.7 |
|
|
|
74.4 |
± |
10.8 |
|
|
|
80.6 |
± |
10.0 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Heart rate, bpm |
62.5 |
± |
9.2 |
|
|
|
63.2 |
± |
8.9 |
|
|
|
62.2 |
± |
9.4 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Laboratory data | |||||||||||||||||||
| LDL Cholesterol, mg/dL |
124.0 |
± |
29.8 |
|
|
|
127.2 |
± |
31.1 |
|
|
|
122.3 |
± |
28.9 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| HDL Cholesterol, mg/dL |
62.0 |
± |
15.4 |
|
|
|
69.7 |
± |
15.1 |
|
|
|
57.8 |
± |
13.8 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL |
118 |
± |
76.6 |
|
|
|
91 |
± |
46.7 |
|
|
|
132 |
± |
85.4 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL |
0.04 |
( |
0.02 |
- |
0.08 |
) |
0.03 |
( |
0.01 |
- |
0.06 |
) |
0.04 |
( |
0.02 |
- |
0.09 |
) |
<0.001 |
| FBS, mg/dL |
101.7 |
± |
19.1 |
|
|
|
96.1 |
± |
17.1 |
|
|
|
104.7 |
± |
19.5 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| HbA1C,% |
5.5 |
± |
0.6 |
|
|
|
5.4 |
± |
0.5 |
|
|
|
5.5 |
± |
0.6 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| BUN, U/L |
14.9 |
± |
3.7 |
|
|
|
14.4 |
± |
3.6 |
|
|
|
15.1 |
± |
3.8 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL |
0.8 |
± |
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.6 |
± |
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.9 |
± |
0.2 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 |
73.5 |
( |
65.1 |
- |
82.6 |
) |
75.6 |
( |
66.5 |
- |
85.1 |
) |
72.3 |
( |
64.5 |
- |
81.4 |
) |
<0.001 |
| UAER, mg/g Cr |
5.8 |
( |
3.3 |
- |
12.8 |
) |
7.3 |
( |
4.3 |
- |
14.5 |
) |
5.0 |
( |
2.9 |
- |
11.5 |
) |
<0.001 |
| Oxidative stress markers | |||||||||||||||||||
| d-ROM, CARR U |
338 |
± |
66 |
|
|
|
369 |
± |
68 |
|
|
|
321 |
± |
59 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| BAP, μmol/L |
2430 |
± |
251 |
|
|
|
2468 |
± |
239 |
|
|
|
2408 |
± |
255 |
|
|
|
<0.001 |
| Smoking status | |||||||||||||||||||
| Never (%) |
4069 |
( |
48.8 |
) |
|
|
2430 |
( |
82.2 |
) |
|
|
1639 |
( |
30.5 |
) |
|
|
<0.001 |
| Former (%) |
3118 |
( |
37.4 |
) |
|
|
355 |
( |
12.0 |
) |
|
|
2463 |
( |
51.4 |
) |
|
|
|
| Current (%) |
1148 |
( |
13.8 |
) |
|
|
173 |
( |
5.8 |
) |
|
|
975 |
( |
18.1 |
) |
|
|
|
| Medication | |||||||||||||||||||
| Antihypertensive (%) |
1815 |
( |
21.8 |
) |
|
|
457 |
( |
15.4 |
) |
|
|
1358 |
( |
25.3 |
) |
|
|
<0.001 |
| Glucose lowering (%) |
355 |
( |
4.3 |
) |
|
|
69 |
( |
2.3 |
) |
|
|
286 |
( |
5.3 |
) |
|
|
<0.001 |
| Lipid lowering (%) | 871 | ( | 10.4 | ) | 339 | ( | 11.5 | ) | 532 | ( | 9.9 | ) | 0.025 | ||||||
Triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and UAER were expressed as median (interquartile range).