Table 2.
Bivariate relationship between psychological distress measures and other study variables
| Variable | Depressive symptoms | Anxiety symptoms | Stress symptoms | Negative affect | Global psychological distress |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Correlation) | .01 | .07 | .08 | −.05 | .03 |
| Number of prior abortions (Correlation) | .08 | .03 | .11‡ | −.09 | .04 |
| Number of children (Correlation) | .04 | .04 | .07 | −.06 | .03 |
| Race/ethnicity (Mean, SD) | .037 | .017 | |||
| White | 24.7ab (13.6) | 8.4 (10.2) | 14.4 (12.0) | 12.4a (7.1) | 0.18 (1.02) |
| Hispanic | 26.3a (12.1) | 8.1 (8.7) | 13.3 (10.7) | 10.6ab (6.7) | 0.11 (0.92) |
| Black | 22.9ab (10.4) | 6.8 (7.4) | 12.7 (10.2) | 8.6b (6.1) | −0.09 (0.78) |
| Other1 | 20.1b (10.9) | 6.2 (6.5) | 10.8 (9.9) | 10.1ab (6.8) | −0.16 (0.76) |
| Education (Mean, SD) | |||||
| Less than high school | 25.1 (12.6) | 5.8 (6.9) | 11.8 (9.3) | 10.7 (6.5) | −0.03 (0.83) |
| High school graduate | 23.7 (13.4) | 7.6 (8.7) | 13.7 (11.7) | 10.0 (7.4) | 0.04 (1.01) |
| Some college | 22.4 (10.1) | 7.2 (7.9) | 12.0 (10.0) | 9.7 (6.4) | −0.07 (0.78) |
| College graduate or more | 23.6 (11.8) | 9.5 (9.5) | 15.8 (12.2) | 11.4 (7.0) | 0.27 (0.96) |
| Marital status (Mean, SD) | |||||
| Never married | 23.3 (11.0) | 9.3 (7.5) | 14.7 (10.1) | 9.0 (7.0) | −0.04 (0.88) |
| Cohabitating | 23.0 (11.1) | 6.9 (7.7) | 13.0 (10.6) | 10.0 (6.1) | −0.02 (0.81) |
| Married | 28.5 (13.1) | 7.7 (7.9) | 15.6 (10.7) | 12.8 (7.9) | 0.09 (0.86) |
| Divorced or separated | 23.2 (11.9) | 7.2 (8.6) | 12.1 (10.7) | 9.9 (6.7) | 0.26 (0.97) |
| Very important to avoid pregnancy in next year (Mean, SD) | |||||
| Yes | 22.8 (11.7) | 7.6 (8.2) | 12.6 (11.1) | 9.9 (7.1) | 0.01 (0.86) |
| No | 24.0 (11.8) | 7.2 (8.2) | 12.9 (10.5) | 10.2 (6.6) | −0.01 (0.91) |
| Abortion trimester (Mean, SD) | |||||
| First-trimester | 24.4 (11.7) | 6.7 (7.5) | 12.6 (10.5) | 9.7 (6.7) | −0.02 (0.84) |
| Second-trimester | 23.2 (11.9) | 7.7 (8.6) | 13.0 (10.7) | 10.4 (6.7) | 0.02 (0.89) |
| Contraceptive method effectiveness level (Mean, SD) | .103 | .055 | .011 | .022 | |
| Highly effective methods | 22.1 (11.2) | 6.1 (8.4) | 11.2 (10.8) | 9.4a (7.2) | 0.18a (0.91) |
| Moderately effective methods | 22.3 (11.2) | 6.7 (7.4) | 11.6 (9.8) | 8.9b (6.3) | −0.12b (0.78) |
| Low effective methods | 25.5 (12.4) | 8.4 (8.8) | 14.7 (11.2) | 11.6ab (6.7) | −0.13ab (0.91) |
Notes.
includes women who reported Asian, Native American or Mixed ethnicity/race and one who was missing.
Correlations were used for the continuous variables and one-way ANOVAs were used for the categorical variables to detect significant relationships between the psychological distress measures and study variables. If p ≤ .05 for omnibus F-values, we conducted post-hoc Tukey tests to examine where differences lie. Within a cell, values with different superscripts indicate significant differences at p < .05. Highly effective methods = IUD and implant; Moderately effective methods = pill, patch, ring, or shot; and low effective methods = condoms, EC, and no method
p < .10
*p < .05, **p ≤ .01.