Table 3.
Prehypertension and Hypertension Among Youth Aged 6 to 17 Years in Southern California Based on 4 Consecutive BPs
| Variable | Prehypertension | BP in the Hypertensive Range | Hypertension | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| One BP ≥95th Percentilea | Two BP ≥95th Percentile | |||||||
| No. | % (95% CI) | No. | % (95% CI) | No. | % (95% CI) | No. | % (95% CI) | |
| Total | 74,501 | 31.4 (31.2–31.6) | 39,502 | 16.6 (16.5–16.8) | 11,373 | 4.8 (4.7–4.9) | 5039 | 2.1 (2.1–2.2) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 42,981 | 37.1 (36.8–37.3) | 20,242 | 17.5 (17.2–17.7) | 5894 | 5.1 (5.0–5.2) | 2653 | 2.3 (2.2–2.4) |
| Female | 31,520 | 26.0 (25.8–26.4) | 19,260 | 15.9 (15.7–16.1) | 5479 | 4.5 (4.4–4.6) | 2386 | 2.0 (1.9–2.1) |
| Age group, y | ||||||||
| 6–11 | 19,783 | 20.2 (19.9–20.4) | 18,221 | 18.6 (18.3–18.8) | 5280 | 5.4 (5.2–5.5) | 2127 | 2.2 (2.1–2.3) |
| 12–17 | 54,718 | 39.3 (30.1–39.6) | 21,281 | 15.3 (15.1–15.5) | 6093 | 4.4 (4.3–4.5) | 2912 | 2.1 (2.0–2.2) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non‐Hispanic white | 20,166 | 34.9 (34.5–35.3) | 9106 | 15.7 (15.4–16.0) | 2405 | 4.2 (4.0–4.3) | 1024 | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) |
| Hispanic | 35,443 | 29.6 (29.4–29.9) | 20,467 | 17.1 (16.9–17.3) | 6078 | 5.1 (5.0–5.2) | 2814 | 2.4 (2.3–2.4) |
| Black | 5240 | 32.7 (31.9–33.4) | 2730 | 17.0 (16.4–17.6) | 751 | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 314 | 2.0 (1.7–2.2) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 4169 | 28.6 (27.9–29.3) | 2454 | 16.8 (16.2–17.4) | 729 | 5.0 (4.7–5.4) | 347 | 2.4 (2.1–2.6) |
| Other/unknown | 9483 | 32.6 (32.0–33.1) | 4745 | 16.3 (15.9–16.7) | 1410 | 4.8 (4.6–5.1) | 540 | 1.9 (1.7–2.0) |
| State subsidized carea | ||||||||
| No | 63,272 | 32.0 (31.8–32.2) | 32,575 | 16.5 (16.3–16.7) | 9295 | 4.7 (4.6–4.8) | 4086 | 2.1 (2.0–2.1) |
| Yes | 11,229 | 28.3 (27.8–28.7) | 6927 | 17.4 (17.1–17.8) | 2078 | 5.2 (5.0–5.5) | 953 | 2.4 (2.3–2.6) |
| Boys | ||||||||
| Age group, y | ||||||||
| 6–11 | 10,747 | 21.0 (20.6–21.3) | 9497 | 18.5 (18.2–18.9) | 2704 | 5.3 (5.1–5.5) | 1098 | 2.1 (2.2–2.3) |
| 12–17 | 32,234 | 49.8 (49.4–50.2) | 10,745 | 16.6 (16.3–16.9) | 3190 | 4.9 (4.8–5.1) | 1555 | 2.4 (2.3–2.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non‐Hispanic white | 11,604 | 41.1 (40.5–41.7) | 4441 | 15.7 (15.3–16.2) | 1195 | 4.2 (4.0–4.5) | 495 | 1.8 (1.6–1.9) |
| Hispanic | 20,521 | 35.1 (34.8–35.5) | 10,712 | 18.3 (18.0–18.7) | 3241 | 5.6 (5.4–5.7) | 1558 | 2.7 (2.5–2.8) |
| Black | 2895 | 37.4 (36.3–38.5) | 1295 | 16.7 (15.9–17.6) | 332 | 4.3 (3.8–4.7) | 132 | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 2645 | 34.4 (33.3–35.4) | 1433 | 18.6 (17.8–19.5) | 448 | 5.8 (5.3–6.3) | 220 | 2.9 (2.5–3.2) |
| Other/unknown | 5316 | 38.2 (37.4–39.0) | 2361 | 17.0 (16.3–17.6) | 678 | 4.9 (4.5–5.2) | 248 | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) |
| State subsidized carea | ||||||||
| No | 36,452 | 37.9 (37.6–38.2) | 16,642 | 17.3 (17.1–17.5) | 4789 | 5.0 (4.8–5.1) | 2128 | 2.2 (2.1–2.3) |
| Yes | 6529 | 33.0 (32.3–33.6) | 3600 | 18.2 (17.6–18.7) | 1105 | 5.6 (5.3–5.9) | 525 | 2.7 (2.4–2.9) |
| Girls | ||||||||
| Age group, y | ||||||||
| 6–11 | 9036 | 19.3 (18.9–19.6) | 8724 | 18.6 (18.2–18.9) | 2576 | 5.5 (5.3–5.7) | 1029 | 2.2 (2.1–2.3) |
| 12–17 | 22,484 | 30.3 (29.9–30.6) | 10,536 | 14.2 (13.9–14.4) | 2903 | 3.9 (3.8–4.1) | 1357 | 1.8 (1.7–1.9) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non‐Hispanic white | 8562 | 28.9 (28.4–29.4) | 4665 | 15.8 (15.3–16.2) | 1210 | 4.1 (3.9–4.3) | 529 | 1.8 (1.6–1.9) |
| Hispanic | 14,922 | 24.4 (24.0–24.7) | 9755 | 15.9 (15.6–16.2) | 2837 | 4.6 (4.5–4.8) | 1256 | 2.1 (1.9–2.2) |
| Black | 2345 | 28.3 (27.3–29.2) | 1435 | 17.3 (16.5–18.1) | 419 | 5.1 (4.6–5.5) | 182 | 2.2 (1.9–2.5) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1524 | 22.1 (21.2–23.1) | 1021 | 14.8 (14.0–15.7) | 281 | 4.1 (3.6–4.6) | 127 | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) |
| Other/unknown | 4167 | 27.4 (26.7–28.2) | 2384 | 15.7 (15.1–16.3) | 732 | 4.8 (4.5–5.2) | 292 | 1.9 (1.7–2.1) |
| State subsidized carea | ||||||||
| No | 26,820 | 26.5 (26.2–26.7) | 15,933 | 15.7 (15.5–15.9) | 4506 | 4.5 (4.3–4.6) | 1958 | 1.9 (1.9–2.0) |
| Yes | 4700 | 23.6 (23.0–24.2) | 3327 | 16.7 (16.2–17.2) | 973 | 4.9 (4.6–5.2) | 428 | 2.2 (2.0–2.4) |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval.
a
Beneficiary of Medi‐Cal or other state subsidized support programs.