Immature anti-insulin B cells chronically cultured with insulin in vitro show impaired proliferation to anti-CD40. Bone marrow culture-derived (Fig. 2B) 125Tg (A) or IgHELMD4Tg (B) B cells were naive (□) or cultured with human insulin (500 ng/ml, , or 5 × 104 ng/ml, ■) for 1 day, then stimulated with anti-CD40 (x-axis) with or without insulin indicated. [3H]Thymidine incorporation (cpm) was measured. The average ± SD of triplicate determinations of three animals is shown; *, p < 0.03 and **, p < 0.007, as calculated by a two-tailed, two-sample/unequal variance t test.