Table 5.
Association of patient and tumor factors with late toxicities and cosmetic outcome at last follow-up
| Variable | Grade 2–3 fibrosis
|
Asymmetry present
|
Excellent–good cosmesis
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| <32 (n = 35) | 3 (8.6) | 0.695 | 2 (5.7) | 0.001* | 34 (97.1) | 0.125 |
| 32–36 (n = 34) | 5 (14.7) | 12 (35.3) | 29 (85.3) | |||
| >36 (n = 35) | 4 (11.4) | 14 (40.0) | 29 (82.9) | |||
| Race | ||||||
| Caucasian/other (n = 91) | 13 (14.3) | 0.208 | 23 (25.3) | 0.517 | 82 (90.1) | 0.199 |
| African American (n = 14) | 0 (0) | 5 (35.7) | 11 (78.6) | |||
| Chemotherapy | ||||||
| No (n = 71) | 6 (8.5) | 0.112 | 16 (22.5) | 0.238 | 67 (94.4) | 0.017* |
| Yes (n = 34) | 7 (20.6) | 12 (35.3) | 26 (76.5) | |||
| Lymph nodes dissected | ||||||
| None (n = 19) | 2 (10.5) | 1.0 | 3 (15.8) | 0.362 | 18 (94.7) | 0.113 |
| 1–5 (n = 47) | 6 (12.8) | 12 (25.5) | 44 (93.6) | |||
| ≥6 (n = 39) | 5 (12.8) | 13 (33.3) | 31 (79.5) | |||
| Lymph nodes dissected | ||||||
| None (n = 19) | 2 (10.5) | 1.0 | 3 (15.8) | 0.390 | 18 (94.7) | 0.690 |
| ≥1 (n = 86) | 11 (12.8) | 25 (29.1) | 75 (87.2) | |||
| Boost | ||||||
| No boost (n = 28) | 1 (3.6) | 0.178 | 7 (25.0) | 1.000 | 26 (92.9) | 0.507 |
| Boost (n = 76) | 12 (15.8) | 21 (27.6) | 66 (86.8) | |||
| Excisional volume (cc) | ||||||
| 0–100 (n = 32) | 3 (9.4) | 0.165 | 6 (18.8) | 0.097 | 30 (93.8) | 0.160 |
| 100–200 (n = 32) | 2 (6.3) | 6 (18.8) | 30 (93.8) | |||
| ≥200 (n = 38) | 8 (21.1) | 15 (39.5) | 31 (81.6) | |||
| Breast volume (cc) | ||||||
| 0–1200 (n = 35) | 3 (8.6) | 0.655 | 6 (17.1) | 0.223 | 33 (94.3) | 0.347 |
| 1200–1600 (n = 37) | 6 (16.2) | 13 (35.1) | 33 (89.2) | |||
| ≥1600 (n = 29) | 4 (13.8) | 8 (27.6) | 24 (82.8) | |||
Abbreviation as in Table 1.
*
Statistically significant in the univariate analysis. The p values were determined using Fisher’s exact test.