Table 3.

Relative risks for lung cancer in relation to cadmium exposure.

	Range cadmium conc. period 1973–1984 (ng/m3)	Average population per year	No. of cases in 12 years	RR without smoothing [95% CI]	RR after smoothing without SES [95% CI]	RR after smoothing and SES correction [95% CI]
Outside modelled area	n.a.	370,259	2,646	1	1	1
First quartile	0.30–0.42	60,837	443	0.97 [0.88–1.07]	0.90 [0.74–1.09]	0.99 [0.85–1.10]
Second quartile	0.42–0.72	69,253	381	0.93 [0.84–1.04]	0.95 [0.79–1.15]	0.95 [0.83–1.10]
Third quartile	0.73–0.87	57,464	501	1.19 [1.08–1.31]	1.26 [1.01–1.61]	1.11 [0.94–1.30]
Fourth quartile	0.89–1.65	41,758	446	1.34 [1.21–1.48]	1.38 [1.06–1.83]	1.23 [1.03–1.50]

RR for lung cancer in relation to cadmium exposure from the lowest (first) to the highest (fourth) exposure quartile with and without smoothing and correction for SES.