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. 2013 Nov 13;35(6):727–734. doi: 10.1155/2013/726598

Table 1.

Rheumatoid factor frequency in different diseases and conditions.

Disease Frequency, %
Arthritis
 Rheumatoid arthritis 70–90
 Juvenile idiopahtic arthritis 5
 Psoriatic arthritis <15
 Reactive arthritis <5
Other connective tissue diseases
 Primary Sjo¨gren's syndrome 75–95
 Mixed connective tissue disease 50–60
 Systemic lupus erythematosus 15–35
 Systemic sclerosis 20–30
 Dermato-/polymyositis 20
 Systemic vasculitides (panarteritis
 nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis)
5–20
Infectious diseases
 Bacterial infections
  Subacute bacterial endocarditis 40
  Chlamydia pneumoniae infection
  Klebsiella pneumoniae infection
  Syphilis primary-tertiary 8–37
  Tuberculosis 15
 Viral infections
  Coxsackie B virus infection 15
  Dengue virus infection 10
  EBV and CMV infections 20
  Hepatitis A, B and C virus infection 25
  HCV infection 40–76
  Herpes virus infection 10–15
  HIV infection 10–20
  Measles 8–15
  Parvovirus infection 10
  Rubella 15
 Parasitic
  Chagas 15–25
  Malaria 15–18
  Onchocerciasis 10
  Toxoplasmosis 10–12
Other diseases
 Mixed cryoglobulinemia type II 100*
 Liver cirrhosis 25
 Primary biliary cirrhosis 45–70
 Malignancy 5–25
 After multiple immunisations 10–15
 Chronic sarcoidosis 5–30
Healthy 50-year olds 5
Healthy 70-year olds 10–25

*Monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factors; CMV: cytomegalovirus; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus. Adapted from [24, 25].