Table II.
Candidate biomarkers for COS response and the selection of oocytes and embryos.
| Study | Methods used | Selection measure | Genes | Function | Expression pattern |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gerasimova et al. (2010) | Real-time PCR | Response to COS using FSH | FSHR and variants | G protein-coupled receptor | Associated with very low and very high response to FSH |
| Adriaenssens et al. (2010) | Real-time PCR | COS via HP-hMG or rFSH | SPROUTY4 | EGF signalling | Up-regulated in rFSH COS |
| SDC4 | Transforming growth factor beta signalling | Down-regulated in rFSH COS | |||
| Assou et al. (2008) | Microarray and real-time PCR | Clinical outcome | BCL2L11 | Apoptosis | Up-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births |
| PCK1 | Gluconeogenesis | Up-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births | |||
| NFIB | Transcription factor | Down-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births | |||
| Gebhardt et al. (2011) | Real-time PCR | Embryo morphology and clinical outcome | VCAN | Extracellular matrix | Up-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births |
| PTGS2 | Signalling | Up-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births | |||
| GREM1 | Signalling | Trended to positive correlation with birthweight | |||
| PFKP | Metabolism | Positive correlation with birthweight | |||
| Wathlet et al. (2012) | Real-time PCR | Embryo morphology and clinical outcome | TRPM7 | LH response | Predictive of embryo moprhology |
| ITPKA | Ca2+ regulation | Predictive of embryo moprhology | |||
| STC2 | Steroidogenesis | Predictive of embryo moprhology | |||
| CYP11A1 | Steroidogenesis | Predictive of embryo moprhology | |||
| HSD3B1 | Steroidogenesis | Predictive of embryo moprhology | |||
| EFNB2 | Transmembrane protein receptor | Predictive of pregnancy | |||
| CAMK1D | Serine/threonine kinases | Predictive of pregnancy | |||
| STC1 | Steroidogenesis | Predictive of pregnancy | |||
| STC2 | Steroidogenesis | Predictive of pregnancy | |||
| Fragouli et al. (2012) | Microarray and real-time PCR | Oocyte chromosome status and clinical outcome | SPSB2 | Ubiquitination | Trended to be up-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births |
| Iager et al. (2012) | Microarray and real-time PCR | Clinical outcome | SCL2A9 | Glucose homeostasis | Up-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births |
| NR2F6 | Orphan nuclear receptor | Up-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births | |||
| ARID1B | Cell cycle control | Up-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births | |||
| FAM36A | Mitochondrial membrane | Up-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births | |||
| GPR137B | G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) integral membrane protein | Up-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births | |||
| ZNF132 | DNA-binding subunit of transcription factors | Up-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births | |||
| DNAJC15 | Mitochondria/heat shock binding | Down-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births | |||
| RHBDL2 | Intermembrane protease | Down-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births | |||
| MTUS1 | Not specified | Down-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births | |||
| NUP133 | Nucleocytoplasmic transport activity | Down-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births | |||
| ZNF93 | DNA-binding subunit of transcription factors | Down-regulated in CCs from oocytes leading to live births |
CC, cumulus cells; COS, controlled ovarian stimulation; EFG, epidermal growth factor; HP-hMG, highly purified human menopausal gonadotrophin.