Table 4.
Diagnosis (final) and treatment modalities, per bleeding type.
| Final diagnosis | Diagnostic modality | Treatment modality |
|---|---|---|
| Occult OGIB (n = 33) | ||
| Vascular lesion (11) | DBE (7), CE (4) | Endoscopic hemostasis (6), follow up (no treatment) (5) |
| Ulcer or erosive lesion (18) | CE (8), DBE (6), CE+ response to medical treatment (3), and biopsy by DBE (1) | Medication (6), withdrawal of NAIDs (1), and follow up (no treatment) (11) |
| Tumor (4) | Surgery (3), biopsy by DBE (1) | Surgery (3), medication (1)† |
| Overt OGIB (n = 106) | ||
| Vascular lesion (31) | DBE (29), CE (2) | Endoscopic hemostasis (26), IVR (1), and follow up (no treatment) (4) |
| Ulcer or erosive lesion (51) | DBE (33), CE (15), biopsy by DBE (2), CE+ response to medical treatment (1) |
Medication (18)†, withdrawal of NSAIDs (9), surgery (2), endoscopic hemostasis (1), and follow up (no treatment) (21) |
| Tumor (20) | Surgery (12), resection by DBE (4), CE (3), and biopsy by DBE (1) |
Surgery (12), endoscopic resection (4), medication (1)†, and follow up (no treatment) (3) |
| Other (4) |
DBE (3), CE (1) | Endoscopic hemostasis (1), follow up (no treatment) (3) |
Number of patients is shown.
†Anti-tubercular drugs, 5-ASA, steroid, medication for gastritis, or chemotherapy.
CE: capsule endoscopy; DBE: double balloon endoscopy; OGIB: obscure gastrointestinal bleeding; IVR: interventional radiology; NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs.