Table 4.
Estimated number, percentages, unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval of traumatic brain injury related mortality in California, 2001–2009.
| Mortality | Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Died | Alive | Odds ratio | 95% CI | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |
| Causes | ||||||
| Motor v. accident | 726 (6.1) | 11270 (93.9) | 0.612 | 0.561–0.667 | 1.270 | 1.140–1.415 |
| Fall | 1342 (7.0) | 17771 (93.0) | 0.717 | 0.669–0.770 | 0.775 | 0.716–0.839 |
| Assault | 397 (6.3) | 5894 (93.7) | 0.640 | 0.573–0.715 | 0.816 | 0.706–0.943 |
| Other | 2237 (9.5) | 21251 (90.5) | 0.227 | 0.107–0.481 | 0.510 | 0.232–1.121 |
| Struck by | 7 (2.3) | 293 (97.7) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Age | ||||||
| 0–4 | 93 (2.4) | 3817 (97.6) | 0.199 | 0.162–0.246 | 0.156 | 0.119–0.204 |
| 5–9 | 16 (2.1) | 744 (97.9) | 0.176 | 0.107–0.289 | 0.147 | 0.086–0.253 |
| 10–14 | 19 (2.1) | 897 (97.9) | 0.173 | 0.110–0.273 | 0.121 | 0.073–0.198 |
| 15–19 | 198 (6.6) | 2788 (93.4) | 0.581 | 0.500–0.675 | 0.415 | 0.336–0.512 |
| 20–24 | 201 (6.2) | 3055 (93.8) | 0.538 | 0.464–0.624 | 0.420 | 0.340–0.518 |
| 25–34 | 198 (4.6) | 4121 (95.4) | 0.393 | 0.339–0.456 | 0.333 | 0.271–0.409 |
| 35–44 | 260 (4.9) | 5036 (95.1) | 0.422 | 0.370–0.482 | 0.398 | 0.331–0.478 |
| 45–54 | 413 (6.3) | 6167 (93.7) | 0.548 | 0.492–0.610 | 0.461 | 0.395–0.540 |
| 55–64 | 385 (7.8) | 4538 (92.2) | 0.694 | 0.620–0.776 | 0.625 | 0.538–0.726 |
| 65–74 | 447 (8.2) | 5041 (91.8) | 0.725 | 0.653–0.806 | 0.627 | 0.558–0.704 |
| ≥75 | 2479 (10.9) | 20275 (89.1) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 1772 (7.0) | 23387 (93.0) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 2937 (8.2) | 33092 (91.8) | 1.171 |
1.102–1.245 |
1.36 |
1.27–1.46 |
| Race | ||||||
| Blacks | 253 (7.4) | 3154 (92.6) | 0.879 | 0.769–1.003 | 1.102 | 0.945–1.285 |
| Hispanics | 777 (5.9) | 12454 (94.1) | 0.683 | 0.630–0.741 | 0.891 | 0.805–0.985 |
| Asians | 269 (8.1) | 3048 (91.9) | 0.967 | 0.849–1.100 | 0.793 | 0.689–0.912 |
| Other | 44 (4.4) | 957 (95.6) | 0.504 | 0.371–0.683 | 0.723 | 0.516–1.015 |
| Whites | 3366 (8.4) | 36866 (91.6) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Insurance | ||||||
| Medicare | 2749 (10.2) | 24193 (89.8) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Medicaid | 723 (7.6) | 8833 (92.4) | 0.720 | 0.661–0.784 | 1.518 | 1.318–1.748 |
| Private | 703 (5.1) | 12963 (94.9) | 0.477 | 0.438–0.520 | 0.767 | 0.677–0.869 |
| Other | 488 (4.8) | 9640 (95.2) | 0.446 | 0.403–0.492 | 0.827 | 0.707–0.966 |
| Workers comp | 46 (5.1) | 850 (94.9) | 0.476 | 0.353–0.642 | 0.848 | 0.604–1.192 |
| Severity | ||||||
| Minor | 40 (0.4) | 8893 (99.6) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Moderate | 117 (0.9) | 12224 (99.1) | 2.128 | 1.485–3.050 | 2.561 | 1.785–3.67 |
| Serious | 1639 (8.7) | 17113 (91.3) | 21.29 | 15.54–29.17 | 30.652 | 22.34–42.06 |
| Severe | 1991 (10.1) | 17658 (89.9) | 25.07 | 18.31– 34.32 | 31.456 | 22.9–43.18 |
| Critical | 902 (68.3) | 418 (31.7) | 479.75 | 344.37–668.34 | 655.24 | 468.13–917.15 |
| Length of stay | ||||||
| 1-2 | 2338 (49.7) | 23540 (41.7) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 3–5 | 898 (19.1) | 15916 (28.2) | 0.568 | 0.525–0.615 | 0.320 | 0.293–0.349 |
| 6 or more | 1473 (31.3) | 17023 (30.1) | 0.871 | 0.814–0.933 | 0.379 | 0.351–0.410 |
| Admission yr. | ||||||
| 2001 | 435 (6.9) | 5861 (93.1) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 2002 | 479 (7.1) | 6261 (92.9) | 1.031 | 0.901–1.179 | 0.969 | 0.832–1.129 |
| 2003 | 515 (7.2) | 6620 (92.8) | 1.048 | 0.918–1.197 | 1.014 | 0.873–1.177 |
| 2004 | 554 (7.6) | 6752 (92.4) | 1.106 | 0.970–1.259 | 1.028 | 0.887–1.191 |
| 2005 | 594 (7.8) | 7023 (92.2) | 1.140 | 1.002–1.296 | 0.940 | 0.813–1.087 |
| 2006 | 575 (7.6) | 7014 (92.4) | 1.105 | 0.971–1.257 | 0.970 | 0.839–1.121 |
| 2007 | 638 (8.0) | 7337 (92.0) | 1.172 | 1.032–1.330 | 0.949 | 0.823–1.094 |
| 2008 | 475 (9.3) | 4613 (90.7) | 1.387 | 1.211–1.589 | 1.209 | 1.038–1.408 |
| 2009 | 444 (8.2) | 4998 (91.8) | 1.197 | 1.043–1.373 | 1.010 | 0.866–1.178 |