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Mean and 95% confidence intervals of (A) Conspecific Male Aggression (CSM) and (B) Heterospecific Male Aggression (HET) during the first (black circles) and second (white circles) observations for treatments control, manipulation and simulated manipulation. Significant differences between observation times represented by * (p < 0.05), ** (p < 0.01), *** (p < 0.001).
