Table 4.
Relationships of reporting refusal, measurement refusal, BMIsr under-reporting or over-reporting with various factors: odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI)
| |
Reporting refusal |
Measurement refusal |
BMIsr under-reporting (resulting in a change in BMI category) |
BMIsr over-reporting (resulting in a change in BMI category) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORga 95% CI | ORfm 95% CI | ORga 95% CI | ORfm 95% CI | ORga 95% CI | ORfm 95% CI | ORga 95% CI | ORfm 95% CI | |
|
N |
1,559 |
|
1,559 |
|
1,326 |
|
1,244 |
|
| Boys |
0.75 0.44-1.28 |
‒ |
0.79 0.54-1.14 |
‒ |
1.47* 1.05-2.06 |
‒ |
2.24† 1.36-3.70 |
4.22‡ 2.41-7.42 |
| Age (yr) |
1.03 0.84-1.28 |
‒ |
1.31‡ 1.13-1.52 |
1.29‡ 1.10-1.50 |
1.00 0.87-1.14 |
‒ |
0.77† 0.64-0.94 |
0.74† 0.60-0.91 |
| Family structure | ||||||||
| Intact |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Parents divorced/separated and reconstructed family |
1.22 0.64-2.34 |
‒ |
1.59* 1.02-2.49 |
‒ |
0.94 0.63-1.40 |
‒ |
0.83 0.45-1.51 |
‒ |
| Single parent and other situations |
2.45† 1.25-4.82 |
‒ |
3.68‡ 2.31-5.85 |
2.42‡ 1.52-3.85 |
1.24 0.73-2.10 |
‒ |
1.89 0.98-3.63 |
2.47† 1.24-4.90 |
| Father’s occupation | ||||||||
| Manager, professional, and intermediate professional |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Craftsman, tradesman, and firm head |
1.56 0.74-3.29 |
‒ |
1.12 0.63-1.97 |
‒ |
0.62 0.38-1.00 |
0.55* 0.33-0.91 |
1.66 0.91-3.03 |
‒ |
| Service worker and clerk |
1.33 0.48-3.69 |
‒ |
0.70 0.29-1.70 |
‒ |
0.81 0.45-1.48 |
‒ |
1.55 0.72-3.34 |
‒ |
| Manual worker and other occupations |
1.43 0.70-2.93 |
‒ |
1.68* 1.04-2.71 |
‒ |
0.78 0.51-1.19 |
0.53† 0.34-0.83 |
0.77 0.38-1.57 |
‒ |
| Not working |
2.25 0.90-5.63 |
‒ |
3.60‡ 2.03-6.39 |
‒ |
0.54 0.24-1.21 |
0.24† 0.10-0.60 |
1.60 0.63-4.09 |
‒ |
| Insufficient family income |
1.26 0.66-2.42 |
‒ |
1.63* 1.06-2.50 |
‒ |
1.15 0.75-1.78 |
‒ |
1.25 0.68-2.29 |
‒ |
| Low school performance (<10/20) |
2.91† 1.45-5.86 |
‒ |
2.87‡ 1.75-4.70 |
2.11† 1.24-3.59 |
1.02 0.52-1.97 |
‒ |
1.42 0.58-3.44 |
‒ |
| Last-30 day substance use | ||||||||
| Tobacco |
1.10 0.48-2.51 |
‒ |
2.07† 1.29-3.33 |
‒ |
0.97 0.55-1.69 |
‒ |
0.70 0.27-1.78 |
‒ |
| Alcohol |
0.93 0.52-1.66 |
‒ |
1.32 0.90-1.94 |
‒ |
1.08 0.75-1.55 |
‒ |
1.78* 1.08-2.95 |
‒ |
| Cannabis |
1.32 0.46-3.82 |
‒ |
2.19† 1.19-4.02 |
‒ |
0.81 0.36-1.83 |
‒ |
1.13 0.39-3.28 |
‒ |
| Hard drugs |
0.63 0.09-4.71 |
‒ |
2.05 0.88-4.79 |
‒ |
0.94 0.32-2.72 |
‒ |
0.50 0.07-3.79 |
‒ |
| Lack of regular physical/sports activity |
2.14* 1.11-4.14 |
‒ |
2.61‡ 1.66-4.11 |
1.97† 1.21-3.22 |
0.97 0.56-1.68 |
‒ |
1.12 0.54-2.32 |
‒ |
| Having sustained violence |
1.95* 1.10-3.46 |
2.68† 1.36-5.29 |
1.15 0.79-1.68 |
‒ |
1.15 0.82-1.62 |
‒ |
1.00 0.62-1.60 |
‒ |
| Victim of sexual abuse |
1.45 0.43-4.82 |
‒ |
1.64 0.75-3.61 |
‒ |
1.71 0.78-3.76 |
‒ |
1.48 0.44-5.01 |
‒ |
| Involvement in violence |
1.04 0.59-1.83 |
0.52* 0.27-0.98 |
1.79† 1.17-2.73 |
‒ |
1.52* 1.05-2.20 |
1.51* 1.02-2.23 |
1.24 0.74-2.06 |
‒ |
| WHOQOL ≤25th percentile value | ||||||||
| Physical health |
1.68 0.95-3.00 |
‒ |
1.67† 1.12-2.50 |
‒ |
1.14 0.76-1.71 |
‒ |
1.16 0.64-2.11 |
‒ |
| Psychological health |
2.18† 1.26-3.78 |
‒ |
2.07‡ 1.41-3.04 |
1.60* 1.06-2.40 |
1.62† 1.12-2.34 |
‒ |
1.65 0.97-2.81 |
‒ |
| Social relationships |
1.97* 1.14-3.40 |
‒ |
1.32 0.89-1.96 |
‒ |
1.08 0.74-1.57 |
‒ |
0.68 0.37-1.24 |
‒ |
| Living environment |
1.41 0.79-2.50 |
‒ |
2.17‡ 1.48-3.18 |
‒ |
1.37 0.94-1.99 |
‒ |
0.97 0.54-1.71 |
‒ |
| Measured body mass index (BMIm) | ||||||||
| Underweight |
(1) |
‒ |
(2) |
(2) |
(1) |
‒ |
5.35† 1.80-15.9 |
9.96‡ 3.15-31.5 |
| Normal weight (reference) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| Overweight |
0.85 0.39-1.86 |
‒ |
(2) |
(2) |
10.7‡ 6.65-17.3 |
23.6‡ 12.1-45.8 |
0.82 0.46-1.46 |
0.38† 0.20-0.73 |
| Obese |
0.68 0.20-2.30 |
‒ |
(2) |
(2) |
11.0‡ 6.39-19.0 |
25.4‡ 12.3-52.4 |
(1) |
‒ |
| Measurement refusal |
7.62‡ 4.03-14.4 |
8.82‡ 4.74-16.4 |
(2) |
(2) |
(2) |
‒ |
(2) |
‒ |
| Weight perception | ||||||||
| Much too thin |
8.63‡ 2.30-32.4 |
4.50* 1.13-5.29 |
1.28 0.28-5.77 |
‒ |
2.97 0.93-9.42 |
9.88‡ 2.49-39.1 |
1.99 0.25-16.2 |
‒ |
| A bit too thin |
2.97† 1.29-6.86 |
‒ |
1.12 0.58-2.14 |
‒ |
1.00 0.55-1.84 |
7.13‡ 3.12-16.3 |
1.60 0.73-3.51 |
‒ |
| Right (reference) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
1.00 |
| A bit too fat |
1.94 0.96-3.90 |
‒ |
1.21 0.78-1.89 |
‒ |
2.00‡ 1.37-2.92 |
‒ |
3.17‡ 1.84-5.45 |
7.15‡ 3.97-12.9 |
| Much too fat | 4.03† 1.51-10.8 | ‒ | 2.41* 1.28-4.90 | ‒ | 1.53 0.66-3.55 | ‒ | 3.37* 1.21-9.40 | 19.6‡ 5.98-64.5 |
*p < 0.05, †p < 0.01, ‡p < 0.001.
BMI: Body mass index; BMIsr: self-reported BMI.
ORga: gender-age-adjusted odds ratio; ORfm: odds ratios adjusted for all factors (full model).
(1) Non computable. (2) Non concerned.