. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 2.

Published in final edited form as: Race Soc Probl. 2012 Apr;4(1):10.1007/s12552-012-9064-8. doi: 10.1007/s12552-012-9064-8

Table 7.

Effect of Racial Appearance, Education, Social Interactions, and Controls on Experience Discrimination among Mexican Americans

	Experience discrimination

	Initial Model	Add Perceive a lot Discrimination	Add Social Interactions	Add Darker Color X Female
Racial Appearance
Darker skin color	1.221^**	1.245^**	1.264^***	1.525^***
Non-Hispanic parent	0.951	0.984	1.016	1.015

Education
HS and some college	1.300	1.384	1.224	1.228
College graduate	2.003^*	2.014^*	1.788+	1.830+

General perceptions of discrimination
Perceive a lot of discrimination		2.339^***	2.370^***	2.368^***

Social Interactions
A lot of contact with Whites			1.965^*	1.968^*
Friends with Mexicans			1.137	1.135

Interaction term
Darker color X Female				0.694^**

Respondent indicators
Female	0.462^***	0.467^***	0.469^***	2.216
San Antonio	0.997	0.913	1.144	1.006
Age	1.012	1.007	1.004	1.178
Interviewed by phone	0.651^*	0.671^*	0.673^*	0.679
Generation status (ref: gen. 3)
Generation 1.5	2.436^*	2.187^*	2.220+	2.309^*
Generation 2.0	0.876	0.913	0.902	0.900
Generation 2.5	1.355	1.389	1.473	1.462
Generation 4.0	1.156	1.133	1.169	1.191

Socio-economic background
Father's education	1.080^**	1.078^**	1.078^**	1.083^**
Mother's education	0.946^*	0.940^*	0.937^*	0.935^*
Income in 1965 (1000s)	0.992	0.994	0.988	0.989
Homeownership in 1965	0.914	1.007	1.032	1.028
Number of siblings	1.062+	1.067+	1.068^*	1.071^*
Parent spoke Spanish to child	0.972	0.924	0.886	0.877
Married parents in 1965	0.740	0.766	0.760	0.782

Model
Pseudo R²	0.067^***	0.092^***	0.099^***	0.106^***

Notes: Logistic regression; odds ratios presented; adjusted for 482 sibling clusters;

⁺

p<.10;

p<.05;

^**

p<.01;

^***

p<.001