Table 2.

Prevalence of surface feature, deep feature, and unexpected card pairings

		Unframed task condition			Framed task condition
Participant type	n	Surface	Deep	Unexpected	Surface	Deep	Unexpected
Tenure-track biology faculty	23	8.6% (2.2)	71.7% (3.9)	19.8% (2.6)	4.3% (0.8)	83.1% (3.3)	12.6% (2.5)
Undergraduate non–biology major	101	40.8%* (2.9)	29.2%* (2.2)	30.0%* (1.6)	16.2%* (0.8)	39.6%* (2.0)	44.2%* (1.5)

*p < 0.001 for comparisons between participant types on each measure shown above. SEM is in parentheses.