Figure 2.

Typical career pathway for early-career PhD biomedical scientists. The career pathway for a typical biomedical scientist consists of a number of decision points and training pathways. 1) Trainees enter PhD training and then 2) complete graduate training. After completing a PhD, 3) trainees decide whether or not to pursue postdoctoral training. 4) After completing postdoctoral training, scientists decide 5) whether to pursue faculty careers at research institutions, faculty careers at teaching institutions, research careers outside of academia, or nonresearch careers. Scientists forgoing postdoctoral training typically pursue nonresearch careers.