Table 4.
Multivariate analysis showing pre-hospital factors associated with direct trauma center admission
| Variable | OR (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|
|
Age |
1.02 (1.00-1.04) |
0.098 |
|
Male |
3.82 (1.60-9.13) |
0.003 |
|
EMS dispatch urgency |
|
|
| Urgent (A-B) |
1.0 |
|
| Non-urgent (C-D) |
0.75 (0.33-1.71) |
0.500 |
|
Incident location |
|
|
| Home |
1.0 |
|
| Public place |
0.26 (0.11-0.61) |
0.002 |
| Other/Unknown |
2.15 (0.70-6.59) |
0.181 |
|
Injury energy |
|
|
| Low |
1.0 |
|
| High |
0.05 (0.01-0.28) |
0.001 |
|
Pre-hospital physician |
|
|
| Consulted |
0.15 (0.06-0.39) |
< 0.001 |
| Present (called to the scene) |
0.08 (0.03-0.22) |
< 0.001 |
|
Documented unconsciousness |
0.62 (0.27-1.41) |
0.256 |
|
Hypoxia |
1.02 (0.42-2.44) |
0.972 |
|
Hypotension |
0.09 (0.01-0.93) |
0.044 |
|
Major extra cranial injury |
0.17 (0.05-0.55) |
0.003 |
|
Abnormal pupillary light reflex |
0.26 (0.09-0.73) |
0.010 |
|
Field GCS |
|
|
| 3-12 |
1.0 |
|
| 13-15 |
1.64 (0.72-3.76) |
0.240 |
|
Blood alcohol level (‰) |
|
|
| 0.0 |
1.0 |
|
| < 2.3 |
0.99 (0.19-5.33) |
0.995 |
| > 2.3 | 12.44 (2.14-72.38) | 0.005 |
Odds ratios over one indicating an increased likelihood of direct admission and odds ratios under one indicating a decreased likelihood of direct admission (i.e. increased likelihood of delayed admission). Abbreviations: OR= odds ratio, CI= confidence interval, GCS= glasgow coma scale, EMS= emergency medical service.