Figure 4. Bradykinin augments T. cruzi TEM.

Agonists and inhibitors of the bradykinin pathway were pre-incubated with parasites and EC for 30 min at the indicated concentrations before combining the two for the standard TEM assay. TEM was allowed to proceed for 3 hours in continuous presence of the reagents. Samples were then washed, fixed and scored as described in the Methods. Data were collected from three experiments with 2–3 replicates per experiment. To correct for variations between parasite preparations and aid in visualization, data are shown as the fold change relative to control (no treatment). * denotes p<0.05 relative to the control.