Table 3.
Effects of age at diagnosis and year of diagnosis (model 0), and gender and illness duration (model 1) and disease characteristics and socio-economic indicators of the year of diagnosis (model 2) on labour participation of people with chronic illness, total sample (N = 4357)
|
Model 01 |
Model 12 |
Model 22 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| estimate (se) | estimate (se) | estimate (se) | ||
|
Random effects |
|
|
|
|
| - Age at diagnosis (level 2): |
men |
0.99 (0.22) |
1.80 (0.37) |
1.56 (0.33) |
| women |
0.86 (0.18) |
0.75 (0.16) |
0.58 (0.13) |
|
| - Year of diagnosis (level 2): |
men |
0.28 (0.10) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
| women |
0.27 (0.09) |
0.0005 (0.02) |
0 (0) |
|
| - Individual (level 1) |
constraint (1) |
constraint (1) |
constraint (1) |
|
|
Fixed effects |
|
|
|
|
| Gender |
|
|
|
|
| - Male |
0.47 (0.17) |
0.42 (0.20) |
0.41 (0.24) |
|
| - Female |
−0.57 (0.15) |
−0.36 (0.13) |
−0.37 (0.20) |
|
| Illness duration |
|
|
|
|
| - In years: |
men |
|
−0.12 (0.01) |
−0.09 (0.02) |
| women |
|
−0.05 (0.01) |
−0.01 (0.02) |
|
| - In years squared: |
men |
|
0.007 (0.001) |
0.006 (0.001) |
| women |
|
0.001 (0.001) |
−0.0006 (0.001) |
|
| - In years cubed: |
men |
|
−0.0001 (0.00002) |
−0.0001 (0.00003) |
| women |
|
−0.00002 (0.00002) |
0.000005 (0.00002) |
|
| Type of chronic illness (ref. cardiovascular disease) |
|
|
|
|
| - Cancer |
|
|
−0.50 (0.21) |
|
| - Diabetes |
|
|
0.07 (0.15) |
|
| - Asthma / COPD |
|
|
0.54 (0.14) |
|
| - Musculoskeletal |
|
|
−0.17 (0.14) |
|
| - Neurological |
|
|
−0.03 (0.16) |
|
| - Digestive |
|
|
0.06 (0.19) |
|
| - Other |
|
|
0.45 (0.14) |
|
| Number of chronic diseases (1–4) |
|
|
−0.40 (0.06) |
|
| Disability insurance policy in year of diagnosis (reference year: 2004) |
|
|
|
|
| - Until 1966 |
|
|
−0.01 (0.65) |
|
| - 1967 till 1984 |
|
|
−0.25 (0.31) |
|
| - 1985 till 1986 |
|
|
0.11 (0.26) |
|
| - 1987 till 1992 |
|
|
−0.10 (0.15) |
|
| - 1993 till 2001 |
|
|
0.0003 (0.0001) |
|
| - 2002 till 2003 |
|
|
−0.45 (0.23) |
|
| - 2005 |
|
|
0.04 (0.27) |
|
| - 2006 till 2009 |
|
|
0.51 (0.25) |
|
| Percentage registered unemployment, in year of diagnosis |
|
|
−0.04 (0.02) |
|
| Gross Domestic Product – % volume change, in year of diagnosis | 0.009 (0.02) | |||
1model corrected for observation year.
2model corrected for observation year, education level, marital status, region and urbanisation level of place of residence.
in bold: significant estimates (Student’s T > 1.96, P < .05); se = standard error.