Table 2.
Molecular therapies in clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma
| Function | Target | Compound | Other agents | Class | Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth factors | EGFR | Gefitinib Erlotinib | Small molecule | II | |
| III | |||||
| RAF | Sorafenib | VEGFR, c-KiT |
Small molecule | FDA approved | |
| MAP3K1 | AZD6244 | Small molecule | II | ||
| Proteosome | Bortezomib | Small molecule | II | ||
| Her2/neu | Lepatinib | EGFR | Small molecule | II | |
| IGFR | IMC-A12 | Monoclonal antibody | II | ||
| mTOR | Everolimus | Small molecule | I/II | ||
| Angiogenesis | VEGFR | Bevacizumab | PDGF, | Monoclonal antibody | III |
| Sunitinib | c-KiT | Small molecule | III | ||
| PDGFR | Imatinib | c-KIT | Small molecule | II | |
| Apoptosis | TRAIL L1 | Mapatumumab | Monoclonal antibody | I/II | |
| BCL-2 | Oblimersen | ASO | II | ||
| Cell cycle | CDK | Flavopiridol | Small molecule | II | |
| Histone acetylation | HDAC | LBH589 | Small molecule | I | |
Abbreviations: ASO, antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide; BCL, B cell CLL lymphoma; CDK, cycline dependent kinases; HDAC, histone deacetylase; MAP3 K1, mitogen-activated proteine kinase; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; RAF, v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog; TRAiL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; EGF, epidermal growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor.