Table 13.
Opioid analgesic agents
| Agents | 2010 (%) | 2011 (%) | 2012 (%) | Total (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opiates | Morphine | 37 (5) | 56 (5) | 69 (6) | 162 (6) |
| Codeine | 23 (3) | 12 (1) | 22 (3) | 57 (2) | |
| Opium tincture | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 2 (0) | |
| Semisynthetic opioids | Oxycodone | 142 (23) | 252 (23) | 238 (22) | 632 (22) |
| Hydrocodone | 110 (18) | 160 (15) | 136 (13) | 406 (14) | |
| Heroin | 61 (10) | 134 (12) | 137 (13) | 332 (12) | |
| Buprenorphine | 20 (3) | 49 (4) | 50 (5) | 119 (4) | |
| Hydromorphone | 14 (2) | 24 (2) | 23 (2) | 61 (2) | |
| Oxymorphone | 2 (0) | 11 (1) | 10 (1) | 23 (1) | |
| Synthetic opioids | Methadone | 98 (16) | 155 (14) | 147 (14) | 400 (14) |
| Tramadol | 49 (8) | 98 (9) | 104 (10) | 251 (9) | |
| Fentanyl | 36 (6) | 50 (5) | 46 (4) | 132 (5) | |
| Propoxyphene | 19 (3) | 12 (1) | 7 (1) | 38 (1) | |
| Meperidine | 2 (0) | 3 (0) | 3 (0) | 8 (0) | |
| Loperamide | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 2 (0) | 3 (0) | |
| Sufentanil | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 2 (0) | |
| Tapentadol | 1 (0) | 1 (0) | 7 (1) | 9 (0) | |
| Diphenoxylate | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | |
| Pentazocine | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 2 (0) | |
| Unspecified opiates | 19 (0) | 34 (2) | 66 (6) | 119 (4) | |
| Opioid antagonistsa | Naloxone | 9 (1) | 42 (4) | 14 (1) | 65 (2) |
| Naltrexone | 0 (0) | 4 (0) | 2 (0) | 6 (0) | |
| Totals | 644 | 1,100 | 1,086 | 2,830 | |
aOpioid antagonist when not in use specifically as an antidote (i.e., when used as part of an addiction therapy program such as naltrexone for alcohol or opioid addiction, or when an adverse event occurs during the use of diverted or injected Suboxone™)