Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics according to patient cohort (Total N = 110)
| Characteristic | MetS-MI- (n = 16) | MetS + MI- (n = 32) | MetS-MI + (n = 30) | MetS + MI + (n = 32) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) |
42.3 ± 16.9 |
62.0 ± 10.2 |
60.1 ± 11.4 |
58.7 ± 14.8 |
| Female sex (%) |
7 (44%) |
7 (23%) |
4 (14%) |
3 (9%) |
| Caucasian (%) |
10 (62%) |
25 (81%) |
23 (79%) |
26 (79%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
22.9 (21.7 – 24.0) |
32.5 (30.3 – 34.8) |
26.0 (24.5 – 27.5) |
30.4 (28.7 – 32.0) |
| Waist circumference (cm) |
88.7 ± 25 |
119.9 ± 9 |
106.4 ± 14.3 |
116.0 ± 11 |
| eGFR (ml/minute) |
94 ± 18 |
81 ± 23 |
78 ± 20 |
76 ± 21 |
| Comorbidities (%) |
|
|
|
|
| Hypertension |
0 (0%) |
24 (77%) |
13 (45%) |
23 (70%) |
| Diabetes |
0 (0%) |
14 (45%) |
2 (7%) |
14 (42%) |
| Type I |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
| Type II |
0 |
12 |
2 |
14 |
| Hyperlipidemia |
0 (0%) |
28 (90%) |
16 (55%) |
24 (73%) |
| Smoking |
2 (12%) |
13 (42%) |
11 (38%) |
15 (46%) |
| Prior PCI or CABG |
0 (0%) |
10 (32%) |
12 (41%) |
19 (58%) |
| Blood profile |
|
|
|
|
| HgbA1c |
NA |
0.08 (0.06 – 0.09) |
0.06 (0.05 – 0.07) |
0.07 (0.05 - 0.07) |
| Total cholesterol |
4.9 (3.8 – 6.1) |
3.8 (3.4 – 4.3) |
4.2 (3.6 – 4.7) |
4.0 (3.5 – 4.5) |
| Triglyceride |
1.2 (0.8 – 1.6) |
2.0 (1.6 – 2.5) |
1.3 (0.9 – 1.6) |
1.9 (1.3 – 2.4) |
| HDL |
1.3 (0.8 – 1.7) |
0.9 (0.8 – 1.0) |
1.2 (1.0 – 1.3) |
0.9 (0.8 – 1.0) |
| LDL |
3.1 (2.2 – 4.1) |
2.1 (1.6 – 2.5) |
2.5 (1.9 – 3.0) |
2.3 (1.8 - 2.7) |
| Total cholesterol/HDL ratio |
4.1 (2.9 – 5.3) |
4.3 (3.9 – 4.8) |
3.9 (3.1 – 4.7) |
4.7 (3.8 – 5.6) |
| Current medications |
|
|
|
|
| Aspirin (ASA) |
4 (25%) |
15 (46.9%) |
21 (70.0%) |
22 (68%) |
| ACE inhibitor |
2 (12.5%) |
10 (31.3%) |
21 (70.0%) |
21 (65.7%) |
| ARB |
0 (0%) |
9 (28.1%) |
3 (10%) |
8 (25%) |
| Beta blocker |
5 (31.3%) |
26 (81.3%) |
24 (80.0%) |
25 (78.1%) |
| Diuretic |
1 (6.3%) |
11 (34.4%) |
7 (23.3%) |
17 (53.1%) |
| Fibrate |
0 (0%) |
1 (3.1%) |
1 (3.3%) |
2 (6.3%) |
| Insulin |
0 (0%) |
1 (3.1%) |
0 (0%) |
2 (6.3%) |
| Oral Hypoglycemic |
0 (0%) |
11 (34.4%) |
2 (6.7%) |
8 (25%) |
| Statin |
2 (12.5%) |
24 (75%) |
16 (53.3%) |
19 (59.4%) |
| Plavix | 0 (0%) | 4 (12.5%) | 6 (20.0%) | 7 (21.9%) |
Results are presented as a mean with 95% confidence interval for continuous data or number with proportion for categorical data. MetS Metabolic Syndrome, MI Myocardial Infarction, BMI Body Mass Index, PCI Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, Hgb Hemoglobin, HDL High density lipoprotein, LDL Low density lipoprotein, ASA Aspirin, ACE Angiotensin converting enzyme.