Table 1.

Determinants of awareness of professionals, as categorized by the I-Change model

		Teachers	Nurses and physicians
Determinants I-Change model	Key themes	Sub themes	Sub themes
Cues to action	Actual action cues	Signs of abuse	Signs of abuse
		● Various sources of abuse signs	● Various sources of abuse signs
		● Child is an important source in child abuse detection	● Preschool is an important source in child abuse detection
	Intuition	● Starting point of child abuse detection	● Starting point for systematic investigation
		● Precedes recognition of actual signs
	Investigation strategies for confirming action cues (→ See Table  3; Action plans)	● Observing parents, child, and parent–child interaction	● Direct observation of parents and child
			● Building relationship with parents
		● Building relationship with parents
			● Collecting collateral information
		● Talking to parents and/or child
			● Conducting home visits
			● Monitoring and registration
Knowledge	Knowledgeable	● Definition of child abuse	● Definition of child abuse
		● Different types of abuse	● Different types of abuse
	Lack of knowledge	● Theoretical and practical knowledge	● Theoretical and practical knowledge
		● Lack of education
		● Need for (more) high quality education programs
Risk perception	Underestimation risk of neglect	● Subjectivity of norms and values	● Subjectivity of norms and values
		● Identification with parents
		● Other justifications for underestimating abuse risk