Table 3.

Determinants of action of professionals, as categorized by the I-Change model

		Teachers	Nurses and physicians
Determinants I-Change model	Key themes	Sub themes	Sub themes
Performance skills	Lack of communication skills	● Communicating bad news to parents	● Clarification and communication of gut feeling
		● Involving children in conversation	● Handling unmotivated parents
			● Dealing with parents who display aggressive behaviour
Action plans	Lack of strategy for acting upon signs of abuse	● Need for consultation in case of suspicions	● Need for direct consultation with colleagues during the complete process
		● Need of clear guidelines with regard to procedures
Barriers	Internal barriers	● Teachers’ feelings of guilt towards children	● Relationship with parents creates a blind spot
		● Fear of parents’ reaction to the report	● Maintaining relationship with parents
		● Fear of false positives	● Personal fears (for asking sensitive questions)
External barriers		● Privacy laws	● Safety risks for the professional
		● Parents’ control in accepting help	● Small distance between nurses’ work district and their home
		● Impossibility to report anonymously