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XRD patterns of the ZnO nanostructures. They are grown on the bare Si substrate (sample 1), RF-sputtered (sample 2), and dip-coated (sample 3) seed layers in a θ-2θ configuration (* peaks from the Si substrate; o, ☆, and △ are non-monochromaticity of the X-ray source induced by Kβ, Ni, and W, respectively).
