Table 3.

Properties of various mannanase recombinants

Organism	Family GH	Expression vector or plasmid	Properties of recombinant mannanase	Ref
(wild-type/expression host)
Stearothermophilus/ E. coli		Plasmid pH6EX3	The recombinant had thermostability similar to the native enzyme; The values of Vmax and Km were 384 U/mg and 2.4 mg/ml.	[21]
Bacillus circulans CGMCC 1416/ E. coli	GH5	pET-22b(+)	The activity was 481.55 U/mg, the optimal temperature was 58°C and pH was 7.6.	[22]
B. subtilis Bs5/ E. coli			The optimal temperature was 35°C, the optimal pH was 5.0 and pH range was wide from 3.0-8.0.	[23]
Bacillus sp. JAMB-750/ B. subtilis	GH26		The optimal pH was around pH 10.	[24]
B. subtilis WL-3/B. subtilis 168	GH26	Vector pJ27Δ88U	The mannanase activity reached a maximum level of 450 U/ml.	[25]
Aspergillus sulphureus/ P. pastoris	GH5		The highest activity was at pH 2.4 and 50°C; pH range was 2.2-8.0; it was stable below 40°C. The Km and Vmax values for locust bean gum at 50°C and pH 2.4 were 0.93 mg/mL and 344.83U/mg, respectively.	[26]
Bispora sp. MEY-1/ P. pastoris	GH5		The recombinant was acidophilic with highest activity at pH 1.0-1.5; the optimal temperature was 65°C; The specific activity, Km, and Vmax for locust bean gum was 3,373 U/mg, 1.56 mg/ml, and 6,587.6 mmol/min/mg, respectively.	[27]
B. subtilis strain G1/ P. pastoris GS115			The recombinant had an optimum temperature of 45°C and optimum pH of 6.5; the enzyme was stable at temperatures up to 50°C (for 8 h) and in the pH range of 5–9.	[19]
Humicola insolens Y1/ P. pastoris	GH5		The recombinant had a specific activity of 1,122 U/mg and exhibited optimal activity at pH 5.5 and 70°C; it had excellent pH stability at pH 5.0-12.0 and was highly thermostable at 50°C.	[28]
Penicillium freii F63/ P. pastoris	GH5		The recombinant was optimal at pH 4.5 and 60°C and exhibited good stability over a broad pH range from acidic to alkaline (>85.0% activity at pH 4.0-9.0, >70.0% activity at pH 10.0 and 43.7% even at pH 12.0).	[29]
B. subtilis MAFIC-S11/ P. pastoris			The expression level was improved by 2-fold; the recombinant enzyme showed its highest activity of 24,600 U/ml after 144-h fermentation; the optimal temperature and pH were 50°C and 6.0, respectively; the specific activity was 3,706 U/mg; the kinetic parameters Vmax and Km were determined as 20,000 U/mg and 8 mg/mL, respectively.	[30]
Aspergillus aculeatus/ Aspergillus oryzae		Vector pYES2.0	The pH optimum was pH 5.0 and a temperature optimum was 60-70°C.	[31]
Bacillus sp. N16-5/ Kluyveromyces cicerisporus			The maximum yield of recombinant reached 3,795 U/ml; it exhibited similar pH optima, temperature optima, and substrate specificities to its wild-type; its stability was about 7% higher than that of wild-type from pH 9–11 and had about 10% higher stability than wild-type from 60°C to 80°C.	[32]

Δ: delta, Vector pJ27Δ88U is a plasmid with a strong B. subtilis promoter.